Secrets of growing broccoli cabbage in the open field. Tips for proper care photo

Although broccoli is not as famous as its neighbors are cauliflower and white, but it is also very useful, but also has interesting taste and low calorie content. It can be used in various salads and in many other recipes.

Broccoli is an annual vegetable plant of the cabbage family. The most common variety has dark green coaches densely collected inflorescences and thick juicy stalks. It resembles a cauliflower, but only the head has a green or purple color. Broccoli cabbage has already managed to win the hearts and attention of lovers and connoisseurs to grow edible plants at home. Consider how and when to plant broccoli, what kind of care it needs.

Features of the cultivation of vegetables

The plant is distinguished by its simplicity, therefore, to care for him is quite simple. But despite this, broccoli is very demanding on lighting and moisture.

Features of growing broccoli:

• Where does a vegetable grow better? According to experts, the best soil for broccoli cabbage is a mixture of turf land, sand and peat. It is not recommended to use the old land from the garden, becauseshe can be infected with her black leg and infect the plant.
• Ripening cabbage heads are best kept away from sunlight, otherwise they will get an unpleasant and untidy appearance. They do not really need light due to the minimal sensitivity to high and low temperatures.
• As mentioned above, the vegetable should be well watered. But in all the necessary measure, in case of an overabundance of moisture, there is a risk of infection with a black leg and decomposition of the roots, and in case of lack - the heads of the plant will be tiny and sluggish.

  It is not recommended to plant broccoli earlier than 4 years in the same places.

Differences in breeding from other members of the cabbage family

Broccoli cabbage can often be confused to taste with color, but it is more fruitful. After removing the heads in the center, a new crop is formed on the side shoots. Unlike cauliflower, broccoli heads do not need a large shadow; it is enough to cover them with a broken sheet. At the time of the formation of heads is better to reduce the amount of water.

Broccoli also tolerates heat and cold more easily; it can be grown on any land. For the normal development of large-sized heads, you need a minimum amount of nitrogen, a sufficient amount of phosphorus and potassium, as well as good lighting.It grows in a shorter time, unlike other species, heads ripen faster.

A photo

Below in the photo you can see how broccoli is growing:

Where and for how much seed is sold?

You can also order in the center of online trade "regmarkets", also a large assortment of any choice, both in terms of price and in terms of production. If the purchase is planned in a regular store, as an option, you can look at the address by search and select the appropriate one nearby.

Comparison of seeds of different varieties

There are early ripe varieties of broccoli cabbage, and there are hybrids obtained by merging key varieties. Seeds of an early ripe grade are suitable for landing next year. It is consumed only in raw or canned form. The downside is that these varieties are not very fruitful and not suitable for long-term storage. Broccoli hybrids are not suitable for planting the next crop..

Virtually no pest damage. In comparison with the early ripening, it is much more prolific.The formation of the fruits occurs earlier, can be stored longer.

How to choose the best?

The cultivation of broccoli from seeds begins in the first half of March - it is then that the seeds of broccoli are sown on seedlings.

It is possible to sow broccoli cabbage seeds by the conveyor method, in several terms every two weeks until mid-June, but since the end of April the broccoli has been planted in a seedless way directly into the ground.

Broccoli has different varieties and cabbage hybrids, but which ones are the best? You can choose broccoli in 2 important ways.:

1. Pay attention to the time interval for ripening varieties.Hybrids come to the stage of readiness for 50 days, the late time of ripening is 140 or more days. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to stop the selection on early ripening varieties for the conditions of a short time of year.
2. On the yield. From 1 meter of planting area can be collected from 1 to 4 kg of fruit, in some cases even 7 kg, depending on the quality and characteristics of varieties.

When to plant and what does it depend on?

• If you are counting on harvesting in June, then it is most fruitful to start sowing in the second half of March or in the first days of April.
• If the seedlings were carried out in March, then it is first transplanted into a greenhouse, and then to the beds.
• April seedlings are sent immediately to the open ground.

It should be noted that the time for planting broccoli is chosen near the evening, on an overcast day.

How to grow in the country - step by step instructions

Rassadny way

This method is simple in that you just need to seed the seeds. First, the largest ones are selected. Approximately 35 - 40 days before landing in the open ground. Usually they are seated in boxes with soil or in a greenhouse, to a depth of about 1 cm and with a distance between holes of 2.5 cm.

Many gardeners sprinkle ashes, lime or dolomite flour on the selected land before sowing in order to provide essential microelements. And then dig it up. Use humus and mineral fertilizers. Before planting, it is necessary to fertilize the soil with compost with the calculation of 1 bucket per 1 square meter. m. The temperature of the medium in which the seeds will develop must be equal to 20 degrees. Then the temperature can be reduced to 15 degrees, stably maintaining it before disembarking.

At a temperature of more than 10 degrees, the first shoots appear after 3-4 days. After 1.5-2 weeks, you can already see 3-4 leaves. During this period, they are seated in individual containers, or directly in the greenhouse, if the temperature condition allows this. The depth of the holes should be about 25 cm, and the distance between the landings should be at least 40 cm.

One of the ways to transplant seedlings:

1. to begin to prepare the bed (you must dig up the bed, then fertilize with humus, 30-40 g for each bush);
2. in a few weeks to conduct liming in order to reduce the acidity of the soil;
3. add compost (10 l / m²) to maintain a cool temperature;
4. 10.15 cm plants can begin to transplant in the garden;
5. water;
6. dig holes 8 cm deep (the soil should reach leaf levels);
7. it is necessary to nip off the main root a little to subsequently achieve a good root system;
8. at the end pour water well.

Neutral and slightly alkaline soil is excellent. As well as the soil for sowing can be prepared as follows: mix sand with turf and peat, having laid limestone on the bottom. To disinfect the soil need to perform the following steps:

1. warm up the ground a couple of weeks before sowing;
2. 24 hours before sowing for the prevention of the black leg, pour the soil with manganese liquid.

Planting directly into the soil

Already in May, under the condition of warm weather, broccoli seeds can be planted by non-seedlings. In the same way, the land is processed and prepared. Should be planted in wet and fertilized soil. After the appearance of 2-3 leaves you need to weed the shoots, the distance between the bushes should remain about 40 cm.

How to care for crops?

In the care of broccoli in the first place includes watering plants, every day or every other day.After irrigation procedures it is necessary to loosen the soil. To moisten the environment, you can use a spray. Urea can be used as the first top dressing; for this, 2 tablespoons are added to 1 bucket, about 15 bushes.

Further care of the plant:

1. inspection of plants (removal of bad leaves, etc.);
2. chemical treatment (for the prevention of diseases and pests);
3. loosening the soil;
4. watering as drying;
5. extraction of affected plants;
6. airing greenhouses.

Harvesting

After 3 months, when the buds have fully matured, but have not yet opened, they cut off the central head with a part of the main stem, the length of which should be 15-20 cm.

Due to the heat, if the broccoli heads do not darken, they quickly open. Therefore, it is recommended to harvest every 2-3 days, and in the period of bad weather - every 7-10 days.

The approaching harvest can be determined by decrepit inflorescences that bloom the very next day.Early collection is suitable for storage for a relatively short time (several days), while autumn is long. Do not forget that some varieties of broccoli ripen and side shoots. Faster, they begin to form after cutting the main ones.

Therefore, they can continue to care for and get large heads. When they grow up - they are also cut off.

Diseases and pests

1. Bloom:
   • non-observance of planting dates (early disembarkation);
   • untimely harvest;
   • insufficient watering or lack thereof.
2. Perinosporosis:
   • high humidity, that is, excessive watering of plants;
   • other aspects of the weather that carry increased humidity.
3. Fungal diseaseYou can determine it by bloom or brown spots.
   • Kila - a disease that contributes to the fungus. If the plant is not removed, the infection with the fungus will continue to grow.
   • Black leg - as mentioned in this article, develops due to high humidity and is also a fungal disease. Subsequently, the plant dies.
   • Alternaria A sign of this next disease caused by the fungus - black spots. It is born in the aftermath of heavy rains and warm weather.
   • Mealy dew. It may occur in the autumn, on the leaves appears a raid in the form of flour and star spots. The reason for this may be - fog and lack of precipitation in hot weather.
   • Turnip mosaic is a viral disease that spreads the pest of aphids. Can be determined by plant growth retardation and mosaic stains.
   • Mucous bacteriosis. The cause of this disease is bacteria that simply kill the plant. Signs - leaf rotting, softening stump.
   • Vascular bacteriosis is the same bacterial disease. It affects all vessels. Occurs due to the following factors: moisture, persistent precipitation and pests. As a result, the vegetable dies.
   • Belle is a fungal disease that damages the leaves and the aerial part. Similarly, with black ring spot.
   • Fomoz. The disease manifests itself if the seed has already been infected. Light spots and black specks seize stems, roots, as well as cotyledon leaves.

Like all other vegetables and fruits, broccoli cabbage also requires timely care, although it is particularly capricious. So, if you meet all the requirements of cultivation and care, you can have your mini factory of broccoli cabbage on hand.