How to form pepper bushes in greenhouses and open field?

What methods do not use gardeners to grow a healthy and rich crop in their greenhouses or in open areas! These include individual irrigation schemes, carefully selected fertilizers for regular feeding of plants, and careful protection against pests and diseases. But, in addition to these standard and proven techniques, there is another no less effective - the formation (staging) of vegetable crops. And today, the conversation will go about how to properly form a sweet summer vegetable, called Bulgarian pepper, in different growing conditions.

Destination formation

The formation of lettuce pepper bushes is a special manipulation, the result of which is aimed at obtaining the maximum yield. The procedure is performed by timely removal of excess lateral shoots from plants in order to ensure good saturation of future pepper fruits with nutrients.

When need

The height of the bushes plays the most important role in the staving of Bulgarian vegetables. And, above all, for the procedure, it is the tall and medium varieties that are most needed to get rid of useless shoots. It should also be borne in mind that the process of formation should be carried out only on certain varieties of pepper, regardless of where the gardener grows them (in open ground or greenhouse), these include:

• early varieties, bushes which reach technical ripeness already on the 100th day;
• medium ripening varieties (about 135 days);
• late and very late, ripening from 145 days to 160.

When can I get by

And if tall species should undergo such a procedure, then for undersized and dwarf varieties such manipulation will be simply useless.This is due to the fact that it is the low bushes that have rather weak and fruitless shoots that do not affect the feeding of the main stem at all. So, in the case of stunted plants, it is quite possible to do without formation.

Stages and features

The process of forming a pepper bush in the open field or greenhouse necessarily occurs according to several rules and in stages, but the open and greenhouse options are slightly different from each other. For example, the peculiarity of growing in greenhouses is a distinctively early ripening of the first fruits, but the other conditions for proper germination must be met.

Seedling

When growing Bulgarian pepper in greenhouse conditions, vegetable seeds are sown in March in special containers, necessarily with soil fertilized with compost, and covered with glass protection at an optimum temperature of +21 ° C. Next, sprouted seedlings should be dived into peat pots,where the procedures of feeding and irrigation are fully carried out at a temperature of +18 ° С. An important point in the period of growing seedlings is providing the best possible light for 12 hours a day, if necessary, you can use special fluorescent lamps.

After the completion of the seedling period, seedlings are transferred directly to the greenhouse, where during planting it is necessary to maintain certain distances between the bushes (40-50 cm), as the Bulgarian pepper loves free space very much.

The first steps of pinching are performed at the moment when single-stem seedlings reach about 15 centimeters in height. In such seedlings, the apical growth points are removed first of all in order to strengthen the branching and begin the correct design.

Greenhouse

In well heated greenhouses (especially polycarbonate), as a rule, pepper bushes grow somewhat larger than in open areas, and therefore require more scrupulous and diligent formation:

• removal of lateral shoots;
• removing the flower bud (first);
• trimming the bottom sheets.

The very first and main shoots (of the first order), in an amount of not more than 4 pieces, are formed on the plant exactly when about 10 leaves are formed on the stem.A gardener needs to choose from them a pair of the strongest-looking shoots, and immediately cut off all the rest, thus forming a V-shaped bush. After this, branching and skeletal shoots begin, which give growth to branches of the second order, and then subsequent forks, providing a further rich harvest (2 or 3 times per season).

At each such fork, it is required to leave one, the strongest shoot, the rest you need to pinch, not forgetting also about the removal of the side shoots and buds that appeared in places of internodes. Only one fruit of pepper for proper and normal feeding should be left 2 leaves - on the main and lateral stems, thus, 1 leaf on the side branch will feed 1 fruit.

After the implementation of the proposed scheme, which, according to many agronomists, is more successful, the bush will develop well and give a good harvest it is only necessary to make periodic inspections of the plant and timely get rid of fruitless shoots and necessarily leaves with side shoots, which usually grow below the beginning of the branching of the main stem.

The next step of hiding in greenhouse conditions will be getting rid of the crown (flower bud), as the fruit that ripens at the fork, provokes the production of an inhibitor substance by the plant. And then you can forget about strong, juicy and large fruits. By the very end of the growing season, in about a month, it is desirable to manipulate the removal of the tips on the shoots, but leave the ovary at the same time - this will have a beneficial effect on the acceleration of pepper growing and the increase in fruiting, as well as stop the growth of the bush itself. Leaves, buds, empty shoots and flowers, which are located on the forks of the main stems, should be removed every three days.

Open ground

The first step in the formation of pepper bushes in the open field, first of all, is the removal of the crown bud, this will serve the best growth and development of the chosen culture. Then pasynkovaniye held in this order:

• Pruning extra shoots.After some time, leaves appear on the peppers planted in the open area, and as soon as their number reaches 10, unnecessary branches should be removed from the plants, leaving 2-3 good sprouts.
• Weak shoots must be removed by removing the apical points.
• Shoots that are higher than the first leaf should be pinched off.

The above scheme should be repeated when branching a formed bush, because, if you do not continue to remove extra shoots, the bush will weaken significantly and will not bring the expected results, in this case - good fruits. Further, such work is done: the formed flower buds in the internodes should also be removed, as well as the fruitless, empty processes that can be seen near the beginning of the branching of the main stem.

Tips and tricks

With timely pinching of peppers in a greenhouse or open field, it will not be superfluous to listen to some popular tips which accumulate in experienced gardeners throughout their lives:

• If at the first stages not one but several coronary buds appear on the seedlings,they must also be completely removed, after which the bushes will develop much better.
• The vegetable shrub, which is grown in a well-heated greenhouse, has a longer growing season, which means that it is necessary to cut on it the sheets that grow on the main stem. Also, the sick and injured are necessarily removed;
• The most recent trimming of unwanted leaves should be done about 45 days before the final crop ripens, after which the bushes should be left alone.

To better consolidate the knowledge gained from this material, it is also recommended to familiarize yourself with useful videos, which are devoted to the schemes of correct formation of pepper bushes:

• //www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0FW-Ty-_UA
• //www.youtube.com/watch?v=78qAelcIUsA
• //www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNZRj_1mhs4

Now, when you already know how to correctly peacock peppers in greenhouses or in open areas, you can safely proceed to the proper and full-fledged growth of salad vegetables, without fear of the future fruitful result.