Varieties of grafting of fruit trees and their technique

If you do not like something with the harvest that you get from your fruit tree, do not rush to remove it from the site and plant a new one in return. There are several excellent ways to improve the qualitative and quantitative indicators of fruiting - by vaccination to young adults of young cuttings and buds from other trees. This article is devoted to the topic of grafting trees in the spring and autumn, the best dates for performing this manipulation, it provides videos describing the technique, it tells how much time must pass for the vaccinations to be considered successfully completed.

Budding of fruit trees

Budding is a method of grafting fruit trees, which involves the use of the peephole (bud), which is cut with a small portion of the bark and a thin layer of cellulose. Refers to the best and most common methods of vaccination. Compared with other methods, budding provides a better survival rate, much stronger graft adhesion (cultures,which is grafted) and stock (culture for which the vaccination is carried out), requires less grafting material and is much easier to perform.

The best time for doing budding is the period of active sap flow: in the spring, when the leaves start to bloom, and in the summer - from the last third of July until the first week of August.

Budding, carried out in the spring, is called a sprouting eye or kidney, and in summer - a sleeping eye or kidney.

Fruit tree copulation

This technique involves the use of a young stalk with multiple buds. At the same time, an oblique cut is made on the prepared cutting, which should fit snugly to the same cut on the stock, after which fixation takes place with the help of various materials.

Copulation is carried out in the spring when the buds are just starting to blossom.You can also carry out this method of grafting fruit trees before the start of sap flow. The ideal time to proceed with the operation is as soon as the temperature starts to allow it to work outside.

The first to instill stone fruit, such as cherry or cherry, a little later - pome (pears, apples). The main rule of successful copulation is its implementation at the time when the stock begins to wake up from hibernation, and the graft is not fully developed after the winter.

The effect is achieved if the inoculum was harvested during the period of complete rest (in early spring, late winter or late fall) and until the moment of manipulation it was stored in cold conditions.

Vaccination for the bark

This procedure is recommended for implementation at a time when the process of rapid sap flow starts and the bark lends itself well to separation from the tree. The branch to be replaced is removed by cutting, backing away from the trunk by 20-30 cm, but you can choose a place to perform this procedure and on the stump. Then you should go 3-5 cm down from the placewhere the cut was made, make a cut of the bark with a sharp knife to the wood and carefully, trying not to damage, unscrew it from both sides.

Then they take a graft and press it to the place of the cut, pressing down on top of a separated piece of graft bark. The grafting site is wrapped in plastic wrap and, for better contact, the upper part of the film is additionally wrapped tightly with paper twine.

In place of the saw cut of the grafted branch, apply a layer of clay or garden pitch.

Side-Graft Vaccination

The optimal time for accomplishing this manipulation is the beginning of spring, namely the period when the buds begin to swell, but the process of active sap flow has not yet begun.

This vaccine is good because it is fast and quite simple:

1. At the lower edge of the harvested cutting, you must make an oblique cut, approximately the length of 3 diameters of the particular cutting.
2. Then, a cut similar to the texture should be made on the back of the material to be clipped. The overall shape of the finished scion should resemble a double-sided wedge.
3. The top of the cutting should be cut 0.7-1 cm above the second bud.
4. Form the side of the stock slots. To do this, it is necessary to position the knife at an angle of 15-30 °, in order to cut not only the bark, but also the layer of wood under it. Its depth should approximately correspond to the length of the slice that you previously formed on the handle.
5. Next, the cutting is inserted into the cut, and you must strive to match the cambial layers in at least one of the planes. The ideal option would be to achieve full congruence of the surfaces.
6. The place of vaccination should be wrapped with cling film or a vaccination tape, and the top of the graft graft should be smeared with boil.

Graft Splitting

This grafting of fruit trees takes place in spring before active sap flow has begun. The skeletal branches of the stock should be cut down, leaving 20-30 cm to the trunk. Then, in the places of the cut, make longitudinal splits, the depth of which should be no more than 4-5 cm.

To do this, in the place where you intend to split, you first need to make a shallow incision.

Next, a knife or chisel is inserted into the incision, and a splitting is formed with light but confident movements. To prevent the splitting from closing, it is recommended to insert a knife, a wooden wedge or a screwdriver into it.

Next, you should give the end of the cutting wedge shape. The length of the wedge should be approximately equal to the depth of the split. The cut that you formed at the end of the cutting should be perfectly flat, you can attach a knife edge to it, and if there are no gaps between it and the cut, you have done everything correctly. Next you need to remove the wedge from the cleft and quickly insert a cutting into it for the entire length of the cut. It is possible to graft two cuttings on one branch at once, for this purpose they should be placed on opposite sides.

This method of vaccination is best done with a partner, because the whole process should not take more than 30 seconds.Too slow action can lead to drying of the cut surface and its oxidation.

Interlacing (grafting)

The easiest, but rather rarely used method of vaccination. It implies splicing shoots that grow at a short distance next to each other. The graft is not cut off, but is simply applied to the stock. This technique is hardly applicable for the purpose of grafting fruit trees.

The technique is as follows:

1. The stock and graft should be cleaned of bark, and form sections of the same width and length on both sections.
2. Next, the graft and the rootstock are applied one to another in sections in such a way that their thin fertile layers under the bark are combined.
3. The docking place is worn with special diligence with the help of paper twine or graft tape and covered with plasticine or garden pitch.
4. When the graft fully grows together with the stock, which often takes about 2-3 months, you can separate it from the mother plant. Before this is to remove the material, which was made strapping, and cut off the shoots, which was formed on the escape.

Remember the timing of these manipulations.It should not be carried out autumn grafting of fruit trees, although this period can be very successfully used for the preparation of cuttings. Do not be afraid to try and experiment with different ways - the result will not be long in coming.