Secrets of the successful cultivation of cherry "Frost"

Morozovka is a dessert variety of cherries most popular among gardeners. The culture is characterized by high frost resistance, rich harvest and excellent taste of berries. We suggest you to get acquainted with the peculiarities of Morozovskaya cherry, as well as the nuances of planting and caring for this crop.

Breeding history

Cherry "Morozovka" - a relatively young fruit and berry species, bred in the Michurinsky Research Institute in 1997. The author of cherry has become T.V. Morozova - a famous breeder, authoritative expert in the cultivation of stone fruit.

"Morozovka" was created taking into account the long and frosty winters. Breeders faced a difficult task of creating a species in which high frost resistance would be combined with good taste characteristics of fruits, low growth of trees and resistance to diseases. To obtain such a universal type, the varieties of cherries "Lyubskaya" and "Vladimirskaya" were used as the base.

Variety "Lyubskaya" was of interest due to its high yield, self-fertility, as well as large and tasty berries. A variety of "Vladimir" is known for its high resistance to low temperatures. It was decided to cross these two species. Selection work lasted almost 3 decades. The resulting view was sent for testing. Since then, the variety "Morozovka" does not lose its popularity.

Biological features

Further in the article we will look at the biological features of the Morozovka cherry, a description of the variety, photos, as well as reviews of professional gardeners and ordinary amateurs. For the dessert cherry "Frost" the following external varietal characteristics are characteristic.

Tree description

The tree is distinguished by its medium height, resembles a ball. The tree trunks are covered with light brown bark. The crown of a tree is quite wide in scope.

The foliage is formed by strong branchy branches.In general, a tree has a moderate amount of leaves (medium leaf). Stems elongated, gray-green tint. A small number of small tubercles are formed on the surface of the shoots. The buds are substantially abstracted from the surface of the shoot and have a rounded ovoid shape. Fruiting occurs both on bouquet growths and on annual branches (in the latter - to a greater extent). Leaves "Morozovka" inherent light green shades. The leaves are deprived of pubescence and have a smooth to the touch dull surface. Standard sheet is larger than average. On the edge of the sheet, one can find bichenate serrations. At the base is fixed several small reddish glands. The leaves are kept on short petioles. On the petioles there are also glands of red color.

With the arrival of spring on the tree bloom white inflorescences. The flowers are relatively large in size and are in the form of roses. Petals are rounded.

Fruit Description

The fruits of "Morozovka" are round, rather large and weighty. The average weight of a berry varies around 4.8-5.0 g. On the abdomen of each cherry there is a barely pronounced seam. At the base of the fetus recorded a small but noticeable concavity.

The skin and pulp of the fruit have a bright red tint, there is a small number of small subcutaneous spots. The flesh is juicy, does not have a special density. The bone is round, medium size, easily separated from the pulp. Fruits are kept on the branches with the help of long and thin stalks. A separating layer is fixed between the cherry and the stem.

Pollination

Variety "Frost" belongs to a common category self-infertile cherries. A characteristic feature of the plant is the inability to fertilize through self-pollination of flowers. Therefore, in order for a tree to grow and bear fruit normally, it is customary to plant self-bearing varieties next to it.

For Morozovka cherries, the following varieties of cherries are ideal pollinators: Zhukovskaya, Griot, Lebedyanskaya, Michurinskaya.These pollinators are very effective and perfectly replace insects.

This feature of "Morozovka" is not a disadvantage, rather, an advantage. Productivity of a tree is practically not connected with climatic conditions. Pollination of flowers is carried out even in conditions of a cool spring, as well as in the absence of bees - natural pollinators of plants.

Gestation period

According to the standard, "Morozovka" ripen in early terms. In the case of warm sunny weather, the crop is harvested at the beginning of summer. However, a massive harvest of ripe fruit is expected only on 3-4 year after disembarkation.

In addition to the attractiveness of the berries are very refined taste. The acidity of the fruits of this variety is significantly reduced, so the pronounced sweetness of the cherries is successfully underlined by a slight and pleasant sourness.

Yield

Variety "Frost" shows a fairly high yield. With proper care and favorable climatic conditions, the average yield of cherries will be 50-65% per hectare or 35 kg per adult plant.

The resulting crop has a low susceptibility to vibration, that is, good transportability.This fact makes Morozovskaya cherry interesting in terms of timely delivery of products to agricultural markets.

Winter hardiness

The tree of this variety also demonstrates good survival rate (high degree of winter hardiness and drought resistance). However, it is worth noting that winter hardiness is not inherent in all parts of this cherry. The buds and flowers of the tree can freeze and disappear during a harsh winter, and even with relatively light frosts. This fact significantly worsens the winter hardiness of the Morozov cherry.

Application

Nutritionists say about the great benefits of eating fresh fruit "Frost". This dessert variety is very useful for the human body. In the pulp of its berries there are many blood-forming chemical elements (copper, cobalt, iron), which help with anemia.

The berries are rich in organic acids, effective bactericidal microelements and various valuable vitamins. In addition, cherry berries contain pectic substances that are responsible for removing harmful compounds from the body.

Cherry "Morozovka" - valuable dietary product. When it is consumed, the appetite is improved, thirst is quenched, the work of the intestine is stabilized.

During heat treatment, the taste characteristics of the Morozovka cherry are not lost. From Morozov cherries prepare various useful compotes, jams, jams. The fruits of this tree are often used to prepare a variety of desserts, homemade alcoholic beverages (brandy, liquor).

Rules for planting cherry seedlings

At observance of all rules of landing the Morozovka cherry will please you with a plentiful harvest of fragrant and valuable berries. However, according to most professional gardeners and ordinary amateurs, the Morozovskaya cherry is quite simple to grow.

Optimal timing

Breeders recommend planting in the spring season (in March) or in the fall (early September). At this time, the plant is not exposed to frost and drought, so that it can better take root. Try to get a two-year-old tree, because the foliage of this plant is already quite developed. However, one year old sapling is also suitable.

Location selection

Place of landing must be on the sunny side of the land. It is desirable that there should be as little wind as possible, and groundwater should not be located close to the ground surface.

Before starting the planting works, the chosen place must be carefully prepared for the future adult tree. Select a 3 by 3 m area for a single tree. Within the boundaries of such a plot, the rhizome of a tree can grow and develop normally.

Process and scheme

The soil at the landing site should consist of acid-neutral loam, sandy or sandy loam soil.

Step landing:

1. In the center of the plot for planting cherries, dig a hole 50 cm deep and 80 cm wide. The earth taken out of the pit should not be thrown away: mix it in the same ratio with humus, then add ash, superphosphate and potassium chloride.
2. Place a 130 cm long peg in the center of the hole.
3. Form a mound 15 cm high from the prepared substrate at the bottom of the pit.
4. Set the seedling on the tubercle. The root neck of a tree should be a few centimeters above the ground.
5. Spread the rhizome of the seedling well, and then fill the pit.
6. Slightly compact the soil, then dig a ring hole at a distance of 30 cm from the plant and pour 30 l of water into it.
7. When the water is well absorbed, cover the area near the mulch (fresh earth, chips, peat).
8. Tie a seedling to a peg. Place the pollinators at a distance of 2.5-3 m from the tree.

Features seasonal care for cherries

After the planting of the tree requires comprehensive care. Standard cherry care includes regular watering, soil loosening around the tree, fertilization, periodic pruning, and protection from ailments and parasites.

Watering and loosening

Immediately after planting, water the plant at least 3 buckets warm otstoyannoy water. Since the "Frost" easily tolerates drought, produce further watering only when needed.

Activate the irrigation after the flowering of the plant, so that the tree will bear good fruit, and the berries will be juicy.One adult tree water 4 times a month, 1 bucket of water in the morning and evening.

After each watering, loosen the soil. This manipulation helps to ensure air access to the roots of the tree. First, clear the irrigation circle from the weeds that take nutrients from the ground. Then dig the zone of the trunk circle 10-15 cm deep. The diameter should converge with the crown projection. It is in this area near the water that water is supplied.

Fertilization

The quality of the future harvest depends on the adherence to the correct technology of feeding the cherry tree.

Drain the soil under the action of moisture sprinkle a layer of mulch, consisting of sawdust and humus. The desired height of this layer is 2 cm.

The first 7 years fertilize the tree annually. In the future, observe certain intervals between feedings. Mineral nutrients to make 2 years after planting, and organic fertilizers - once in 4 years.

Fight against diseases and pests

Freezer is generally resistant to fungal diseases. However there is a number of diseasesfrom which the tree should be protected:

Coccomycosis (The causative agent of the disease is the mushroom Sossomuse s hiemalis). With severe infection, the leaf is covered with reddish formations. Soon the sheet quickly dries out and falls. The tree weakens, loses the ability to eat normally and dies prematurely. For the treatment of coccomycosis cherries, perform a triple wood treatment with fungicides. Carry out the first treatment before bud break; the second - at the very end of the flowering phase; the third time, spray the plant 2-3 weeks after budding.

Anthracnose. On the skin of young fruits appear small dull-brown formation. Spots grow quickly, hitting the whole cherry. Soon the flesh turns brown. It is impossible to eat the affected fruits. In turn, small black spots are observed on the foliage. The leaves do not dry out, but gradually fall off. Prevention of anthracnose is spraying with a solution of 0.2% zinc or manganese sulphate composition. If the tree is already sick, immediately dispose of the affected fruit. Then treat the tree with a fungicide ("Poliram", "Topsin-M", "Topaz", "Horus").Spraying carried out before or after flowering. The procedure must be repeated after 12-14 days.

Perforated spotting. On the leaves are fixed brown spots with a dark edge. In order to prevent, regularly collect and destroy fallen leaves, then carefully dig the soil. Before or after the flowering period, treat the tree with the fungicide "Hom", repeat after 15-20 days.

Monilioz. The symptom of the disease is a sudden rotting of young leaves. Foliage looks burned. Fruits are covered with spore growths. Preventive spring spraying of wood and earth beneath it with a 3% Bordeaux liquid will help avoid contamination. In the fight against moniliosis before blooming the kidneys, treatment with a solution of ferrous sulfate (3%) is practiced. Before the period of flowering spray "Horus", "Fundazol", "Azofos", "Zircon". In addition to diseases, cherry trees are sometimes attacked. insect pests. Consider the most common ones:

1. Aphid. This small enemy of the cherry tree amazes its young shoots and leaves. If with the onset of spring you set trapping belts, then the appearance of aphids can be avoided.This event will not allow ants to drag aphids onto cherries. You can also scare away ants with strong water infusion of garlic.
2. Fly - The second and most dangerous pest of the cherry. Adults overwinter under the plant, buried in the ground. The larvae of flies cause the main damage - they penetrate into the ovary and in the phase of ripening of the fetus turn into a white worm up to 1 cm long. There are several effective methods of fighting the cherry fly. Be sure to remove all fallen fruit from under the tree and dig up the trunk circle. The dug up soil will freeze, and wintering flies will die naturally.

Cropping and crown formation

Cherry "Frost" also requires regular pruning and the formation of the crown. The trimming procedure is recommended in early spring and autumn. For pruning, you will need a saw, pruner, knife, and garden var. Garden var - a universal remedy that reliably protects the tree from pests and diseases. To prepare the garden pitch, you will need:

• animal fat (1 part);
• wood ash (1 part);
• turpentine (5 parts);
• denatured alcohol (2 parts);
• rosin (10 parts).

Trimming scheme:

1. Shorten all bare branches of the crown.
2. Leave 5 strongest shoots on the tree. Such branches should be located in several rows (3 shoots in the first row, 2 branches in the second and 1 in the third).
3. After the formation of tiers, the subsequent pruning consists of eliminating shoots that grow too tight.

Protection against cold and rodents

Although the Freezer is positioned as a frost-resistant variety, it will be useful to take care of preparing the tree for the winter season:

• collect all the fallen leaves around the tree trunk;
• after each irrigation, dig and mulch the ground with peat, straw or sawdust;
• clean the surface of the trunk and skeletal shoots of dead bark, then whiten;
• in the northern zones of the shtamb, it is desirable to wrap paper or sacking.

These procedures will help protect the tree from the effects of adverse climate.

From rodents, damaging the bark and lower shoots of a tree, rescues the wrapping of the trunk with a special net or any other dense material.

As we see, Morozovka cherry is a universal dessert variety with excellent technological qualities of fruits. In order for your cherry tree to grow healthy and make you enjoy rich crops, do not forget to follow all the above recommendations.