For years, people have been collecting pigs and love them for their peculiar taste and ease of preparation. Experienced mushroom pickers categorically insist that these mushrooms are completely safe, it is enough to boil and strain them before cooking. In contrast to this statement, there is an opinion about the danger and toxicity of these forest gifts. I wonder what the experts think about this? Try to understand, swine - edible mushrooms or not?
- Family svushukovyh - photo and description
- Where and when do svushki grow
- Is the pig a poisonous or edible mushroom?
- Arguments about edibility
- Toxic properties
Family svushukovyh - photo and description
People call a pig differently: solokha, dunka, pig's ear, solopen, black milk. And in the scientific literature the mushroom is designated as Paxillus incubutus - the pig is thin - and belongs to the family of pigs, which was first described more than a hundred years ago. For a long time, the family was considered intermediate between bolet and agaric mushrooms. And over time, mycologists attributed it to the order of the bolt, which was confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis. But during this period there were changes in the pigs.Of the few genera belonging to the family, 8 species of Paxillus were distinguished into a separate genus Tapinella. There is also a piglet.
The description of a svushka resembles a weight. A fleshy cap with curled edges is concave in the center, grows to 14 - 17 cm. In young specimens it is brown with an olive tinge, in old specimens it is gray-brown. Feels dry and fluffy or smooth. In rainy, foggy weather, sticky and unpleasant. If you strongly push or cut the edge - it will darken.
Inside the mushroom is dense, cream-colored. Color can be different, yellow-brown spectrum. It does not smell. In the summer, there are often many wormwood forest trophies in the basket.
The stem is small, within 10 cm, smooth, its color is often identical with the cap, but it may differ in brown yellow. A characteristic feature of swine is brownish false plates under the cap. They look like folds and are easily separated from the surface.
More than 35 years ago, the mushroom of the pig was recognized conditionally edible, according to its taste, it was assigned to the fourth category.And in modern reference books information about its unsuitability in food and “mortal danger” is often found.
Where and when do svushki grow
You can find them from the end of spring to the beginning of frosts almost everywhere: they grow in colonies, rarely singly, in forests, in swamps, under trees and bushes, on uprooted stumps and even in abandoned anthills and on moss. Mushroom loves moisture and shade. From one glade you can collect a full small basket. They are found even under coniferous trees, but more often under oak, birch. Sometimes grow even on the trunks.
Mushroomers recommend taking young specimens when they are still elastic. They can be seen on the small size and slightly shaggy cap. Old mushrooms inside are often loose. Swine fruits every year.
Is the pig a poisonous or edible mushroom?
On this topic today continue to discuss the old school mushroom pickers and representatives of the scientific sphere. The first refer to the experience and knowledge of the ancestors who ate only the Dunks, the second - to the results of their research. Currently in the dispute the last word was said by the doctors. Mushroom is dangerous. It turns out that its toxins can be killed immediately, but they can after some time, because with regular eating swine accumulate in the body. 
Arguments about edibility
Despite the fact that since 1984 the pig thin and thick is prohibited for collection, sale and blanks, it is collected. They motivate it with a banal argument: they say, grandfathers and great-grandfathers ate, and nothing. Stubborn gourmets believe that you can even cook a poisonous mushroom, during heat treatment all toxins are destroyed. For reinsurance can be collected trophies boil with onion 3 - 4 times. Other lovers of forest delicacies explain the deadly outcome after a meal of solopeni by confusion in mushrooms. They say that something poisonous could have accidentally entered the basket.
Svushka mushrooms were analyzed and scientists in terms of their benefits and harms. They found in the body of Dunka brown pigment - atroomentin, which has antibiotic properties, and polyporic acid, which can destroy malignant tumors. According to doctors, this is not enough to allow the use of the fungus. It is used only for the preparation of medicines.
Toxic properties
Through long-term studies and observations scientifically established:
The presence of poisonous lectins and muscarin in the composition of the pigs, which retain toxicity even at high temperatures.This means that even after boiling repeatedly, the svins remain poisonous;- when used, dunek in the human body produces special antibodies agglutinins, which are designed to destroy the antigens contained in fungi that attach to the erythrocyte membrane. As a result, an autoimmune process is triggered - antibodies begin to destroy red blood cells, which leads to anemia, kidney and liver damage, up to the failure of these organs and death;
- the spongy structure of swine promotes the accumulation of radioactive isotopes of cesium and copper;
- mushroom poisoning can manifest itself after a long period after eating mushrooms, it all depends on the characteristics of the organism. The reaction of people to the fungus toxins varies greatly, but children are most susceptible to the harmful effects.
The presence of poisonous lectins and muscarin in the composition of the pigs, which retain toxicity even at high temperatures.This means that even after boiling repeatedly, the svins remain poisonous;
