Pear "Marble": the characteristic of a grade and the agrotechnology of cultivation

The variety of "Marble" pears is one of the most popular in our strip. It has high yields, yields juicy fruits, so many gardeners want to grow a tree in their gardens. The risk of this venture is big - the tree does not differ in particular winter hardiness, but with careful care, the venture will be a great success.

Characteristic pear varieties "Marble"

The variety was bred in the USSR in 1965 at the zonal experimental gardening station. His forebears were the varieties "Forest Beauty" and "Beer Winter Michurina". Characteristics of winter hardiness pear "Marble" is not comforting. The tree does not always tolerate frosts. Spring frosts are especially dangerous to it, when all the flowers can freeze to death.

It grows up to four meters in height, forming a broad medium-thick pyramidal crown. New shoots have a red-brown bark color, but are formed inactively. Adult branches grow powerful, almost vertical. Only the branches at the age of two or three years bear fruit. The bark on the tree is gray-green.

The trunk of the tree is covered with small, barely noticeable lentils. The branches cover the brown, triangular, slightly bent to the side of the kidney. Of them bloomed green leaves ovate form. They are of medium size, unpainted petioles, rounded base and finely toothed edges.

Flowers of saucer-shaped pear, white, double, not more than 3 cm in diameter. The flower is formed by slightly closed petals, inside of which are parallel pistils with anthers. One inflorescence contains no more than eight flowers. They appear earlier than other varieties.

Fruits grow medium size weighing about 170 g of the correct form. The pelt is thick, smooth, the flesh is coarse-grained white, sometimes cream-colored.The peel is golden-green with a marble red-brown blush, for which it received its name. The pear is kept on an average size of a strong fruit stem, the seeds of light brown color are contained in the chambers of medium size.

Pollination of the pear "Marble" does not require additional activities - it is perfectly pollinated on its own. It is recommended to plant it near the varieties "Lada", "Tatiana", "Chizhovskaya", which are pollinators for it with high characteristics of winter hardiness and endurance. The variety of "Marble" pears is also a pollinator for them.

Pros and cons varieties

Pear has excellent taste, high presentation, self-fertility and good transportability. Advantages of pear "Marble" are also in the chemical composition of the fruit. 100 g of its pulp contains 6.5 mg of vitamin C.At 9% it consists of sugar and 0.1% of acid - this provides the fruit with a high sweetness. But with all its advantages, the variety has a number of disadvantages. So, he has an average frost resistance, is especially sensitive to sudden temperature changes. When the spring frosts fall flowers fall, the likelihood of later fruit fall is also high. Another tree does not tolerate drought and perishes.

Features planting pear varieties "Marble"

Despite the low frost resistance, the variety is considered unpretentious. How well the tree will grow and grow will depend on the right place for planting, adherence to agricultural practices, healthy and durable planting material.

How to choose a sapling

• It is recommended to purchase seedlings in a special store, but it will be better to contact them in a fruit nursery. So more confidence to buy healthy and viable material. Selection of pear seedlings "Marble" should be carried out in accordance with the following rules:
• Seedlings should be no older than two years, otherwise they will lag behind in development. The older the plant, the larger its root system, but when digging, an adult plant loses a large part of it compared to a young one. And the smaller the roots, the worse the nutrition of the seedling.
• Pay attention to the roots, which should not have damage, but should be well developed and healthy. The main roots should be at least three lengths of at least 25 cm. It is advisable to take a sapling with an earthy clod that protects young roots. In addition, in such a state, the seedling can be planted during the entire growing season.
• If you take a biennial plant, choose one whose crown consists of three branches at least. For annual seedlings, this condition is not critical.
• Ensure that the crust has no damage, cracks and is smooth.

When to plant

Usually, "Marble" pear planted in the spring after the last frost. Remember that the plant is very sensitive to them. In terms of landing time falls on the first decade of May. It is important to water young trees often and plentifully.

Permissible landing pears "Marble" and autumn. In this case, it is necessary to choose the time a month before the low temperature is established and cold winds start to blow. As a rule, plants are planted in the first half of October. By this time, the soil does not have time to cool down, and the roots quickly take root and grow stronger.

How to choose and prepare a place for a pear

Any pear (not only this variety) is very demanding on lighting. Therefore, for planting seedlings, it is necessary to select the most illuminated area with a minimum of shading. In the cold season, the tree does not tolerate strong winds, so if you have a fence on the site, it is better to plant a pear closer to it, about 3-4 meters.

Choosing a place for landing, pay attention to the level of occurrence of groundwater. It should be no closer than 2.5 meters from the surface. Next to the seedlings, a special ditch should be dug, which will serve as drainage for watering the pear. If there is a probability of stagnation of water on the site, it is better to foresee the plant drainage, and even better - plant it on an artificial hill.

The soil for the pear is selected loamy, nourishing and loose. Then, with proper care, you will get a bountiful harvest. The marshy, clay and sandy soil is pre-drained, and in the summer it is necessary to apply humus, compost or peat as a fertilizer.

Stepwise landing process

After taking care of all the preparatory stages, you can start planting seedlings. It follows this algorithm:

1. Cooking hole. It should be dug in a week or two before planting. On average, for a seedling no older than two years, it should be about 60 cm in diameter and 80 cm in depth. But in general, they are repelled by the size of an earthen coma with roots.

2. Putting fertilizer. The top layer should contain mineral and organic fertilizers. In the first case, take 150 g of wood ash and superphosphate, as well as 40 g of potassium. In the second - 7 - 10 kg of humus. If the soil needs to be drained, a mixture of walnuts, 300 g of limestone and small tin cans is poured at the bottom of the pit in the center. 3. A support for a sapling. Slightly aside from the center of the hole, a stake is at least 130 cm high and about 5 cm in diameter. A seedling is tied to it, protecting it from strong gusts of wind. 4. Prepare a sapling. Inspect it again before landing. If serious damage is found, especially on the roots of the plant, cut them with a sharp tool.If the roots had time to dry, before planting, they are immersed for about 5 to 8 minutes in water mixed with clay. From a seedling that has an open root system, it is necessary to remove about 80% of the leaves.

5. Planting a seedling. The plant is set in the middle of the hole and sprinkled with pre-fertilized soil. As the ground is poured, the seedling is slightly shaken and raised. Make sure that the root neck is located 3 - 5 cm above the ground.

6. Form the hole. When the pit is completely filled, it is compacted, the seedling is tied to a preset peg, and a irrigation groove is formed around the plant with a hoe.

7. Proper watering, mulching. After planting in the formed groove, you need to pour at least two buckets of water. When it is absorbed into the soil, it is mulched with fallen leaves, sawdust, straw.When spring planting abundant watering should continue for a month with a frequency of a couple of times a week.

Features care for pear varieties "Marble"

If you want to get a bountiful harvest with high taste, you need time to carry out activities for the care of the plant. Chief among them are watering, pruning and fertilizer.

How to conduct watering

This pear variety does not tolerate drought. As soon as the tree lacks water, it discards the immature fruits, reduces the yield. At the same time, it is no less sensitive to an overabundance of moisture. Therefore, it is necessary to think in advance well watering pears.

The ideal method of irrigation is sprinkling when water irrigates the ground around a tree like rain. The process should last at least 1.5 hours. If there is no well or water supply system at the site, a ditch not less than 15 cm deep is pulled around the tree, where water is poured.

Intensive watering the plant requires spring and summer. In this case, the time and amount of water depends on weather conditions. If the precipitations are normal, watering is carried out at the rate of 2-3 buckets per square meter. With reduced rainfall, the amount of water should be doubled.

For a better removal of moisture and air distribution after irrigation and rain, the ground around the circle should be loosened. The first time is about 15 cm, and then 10 cm.

When and how to feed

Pear fertilizer "Marble" occupies a significant place in the cultivation of fruit tree. This procedure activates the growth of shoots, on the quantity and quality of which depends on yield.

However, this issue must be approached carefully. At different periods of the growing season, the tree requires different types of fertilizers and the frequency of their application. The solution of these issues is also affected by the soil on which the pear grows.

During the flowering period, the tree should be supported with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. For example, urea at the rate of 100 g per 5 liters of water. In the first month of summer, carbamide is used (50 g for the same amount of water), and in the second month - potassium sulfate (100 g for the same amount of water). 10 days after flowering, the tree can be sprayed with a 1% solution of urea, and then again in two weeks.

After fruiting, organic fertilizers are applied: 2 kg of manure, 5 kg of compost or a kilogram of bird droppings per square meter, which are dug up with pristvolnym soil.Phosphate fertilizers are also recommended. Their number depends on the age of the tree. Young plants up to 12 years old are given 6 g of potassium and 4 g of phosphorus, the dose to plants up to 20 years old is increased by 2 g. Older trees older than 20 years will require 12 g of potassium and 6 g of phosphorus.

In the fall, it is recommended to use nitrogen-containing bait, but only during September. Otherwise, the tree will not prepare for frosts, which, as we remember, is destructive for it.

Young trees under the age of five years are fed, applying fertilizer around the perimeter of the crown projection. The range of their introduction for adult trees extends to 5 meters.

When and how to do pruning

Pruning pears "Marble" is carried out to stimulate the formation of new buds. They spend it every year in spring. Begin the procedure by removing the dry branches, then remove some old branches and only after that the young shoots are cut by a quarter. Adult branches are cut with a saw, and the young are shortened with shears. Each of the slices should be cleaned with a sharp knife and treated with oil paint or garden pitch.

Terms of ripening and storage of the harvest of pears "Marble"

The first fruiting of a tree of this variety begins only at 6 - 7 years after planting. Harvesting pears occurs at the end of August - early September. But you can remove the fruit and immature - they will not lose their taste and can lie for about a month. Processed by fungicides, they lie up to 60 days. However, if the care of the tree was wrong, pears can fall off before.

The amount of harvest also directly depends on how much the gardener adhered to the rules of agricultural engineering. If all activities were carried out correctly, approximately 230 centners of fruit can be removed from one hectare.

The thick peel of the fruit provides them with a long-term preservation of the commercial appearance. There are no problems with the transportation of the crop.

Preparing pears "Marble" for winter

A young tree can die even at a temperature of 8 ° C. Therefore, it is recommended to protect the root system with covering materials. If a pear grows in a cold climate, then such protective measures should become the rule throughout the life of the tree. Starting to prepare it for winter is necessary from the end of September. For this, the soil around the trunk is dug up, watered and covered with crushed tree bark, horse manure or a mixture of humus and peat. The layer of protective material must be at least 20 cm. Such a protective layer will save the tree not only in winter from frost, but also in spring from weeds. In winter, it is worth throwing more snow around the trunk.

You can use strapping of the trunk to a height of 80 cm. Any material that allows air to pass through is suitable for this. Most often for these purposes they use needles, roofing felts, reeds. But suitable and newspapers, corrugated cardboard, cotton fabric, plastic mesh.

Resistance pear varieties "Marble" to diseases and pests

It is believed that this variety of pear resistant to fungal diseases. Still, it is recommended to periodically inspect the trunk and crown - other diseases may arise on the tree or pests can settle.

Among the most common diseases are rust, cytosporosis and black cancer. Fungal disease rust affects bright orange-colored leaves that quickly crumble. Over time, and goes to the fruit. You can fight it by treating the tree with the “Hom” preparation at the rate of 80 g per bucket of water (about 4 liters of solution will be needed per tree). All affected leaves and pears must be harvested and burned. For the purposes of prevention, it is recommended to spray the tree before the growing season and after dropping leaves with Bordeaux liquid.

Stem rot or cytosporosis occurs mainly due to violations of agricultural technology or due to frost or sunburn. Manifested in the form of dark red spots on the bark. Such areas are cut with a sharp knife, treated with a solution of copper sulphate: 300 g of lime and copper sulphate are diluted in a bucket of water. On one tree enough 3 liters of solution. To prevent the disease, it is necessary to monitor the integrity of the bark, whiten the trunks in the fall,remove dry branches.

Black cancer first appears as dark spots on the bark with a bright brown border around the perimeter. They grow rapidly and darken. Over time, bright red spots appear on the fruit. The fruits ripen, and dry and showered. When a disease is detected, the spots are cut out with a sharp instrument, and the sections are treated with garden pitch or 1% copper sulphate.

No less important is the protection of pears "Marble" from pests. Most often, a pear mite, a pear moth and a hawthorn live on it. About tick speak small swellings on the leaves. The insect settles down from their lower part, sucks the juices, because of which the leaves are deformed and fall off. You can fight him with drugs "Envidor" or "Vertimek". In a bucket of water diluted with 5 ml of the drug. The resulting solution is sprayed on the trees at the rate of 3 liters per plant.

Pear moth is a butterfly. The danger is represented by its caterpillars, which hatch from eggs laid on the fruit, and eat it.Fighting it represents a whole range of activities. Before flowering and after it, the tree is treated with the Agravertin solution at the rate of 5 ml per 1.5 l of water. 20 days after flowering use "Kinmiks", and a month after flowering - "Iskra".

If the leaves on the pear began to curl, most likely the hawthorn attacked the tree. To combat it, use "Entobakterin", diluting 50 g of the drug in 10 liters of water. On one tree use 3 liters of solution. Preventive measures against pests are few. It is necessary in the fall to collect and burn fallen leaves.

Pear "Marble" - a real find for gourmets. Fragrant and delicate fruits are stored for a long time, almost without losing their presentation. But the fruit tree itself is gentle, does not tolerate strong winds and frost. It requires special soil, plenty of light, good drainage and plenty of water. It is important to ensure that the moisture does not stand and the tree does not die. Pests and diseases are also threatening him. But if you follow all the rules of agricultural technology, you get a bountiful harvest of juicy pears.