Variety of pears "Belarusian Late": characteristics, cultivation agrotechnics

If you are in search of a pear variety that is not only capable of preserving the quality of its fruits, but even with time it is able to improve their organoleptic properties - this article, without a doubt, is intended for you. It will focus on the later Belarusian pear, the description of this variety, the intricacies of planting and caring for it.

Breeding history

This type of tree was first obtained by sowing the seeds of free pollination varieties of French pear Kind Louise. For the first time, this method was decided by scientists of the Belarusian Research Institute of Horticulture, which is now called the Institute of Fruit Production, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

The authors of this variety are considered on a par with 3 breeders: G. K.Kovalenko, M. G. Myalik and N. I. Mikhnevich. Since 1989, this variety has been entered into the State Register of Varieties and Breeds of the BSSR, and since 2002 it has entered the State Register of Breeding Achievements, which is allowed to apply in Russia.

Description and distinctive features of the variety

It is worth noting that the variety got its name for a reason. The first part of it, as is already clear, indicates the territorial affiliation of the first bred tree of this sort, the second means that the fruits of this tree ripen in autumn and winter.

Wood

This tree has a fairly average size. The height of an adult plant rarely exceeds 5 m, the crown volume varies from 3 to 4.5 m. The crown has a fairly voluminous structure, a spherical shape, the main branches form an angle of 90 ° with respect to the trunk. The shoots have an average thickness, a rounded section and covered with fibers, the color of which varies from light white to light brown.

The kidneys are cone-shaped, small in size, bare.The branches are covered with a variety of lentils. The leaves are of medium size, the shape - from round to oval. The leaf edge is wavy, somewhat jagged, resembles a saw with small teeth. Color - light green, smooth to the touch, quite dense. The flowers are of rather large diameter, they have ellipsoid petals, they are white in color.

Fruits

Fetal sizes compared to most other representatives of this species are medium. The average weight is about 100-120 g. The fruits are elongated, the skin is rather dull in color, carries a lot of roughness. The entire surface is rippled with a light brown tint. Coloring depends on the degree of maturity and the time that the fetus lay in a torn form. As a rule, during the period when the harvest is done, the color of pears is greenish with patches of brownish-red hue, and in the period most suitable for use, they acquire a yellow color with a slight reddish tinge.

The inner part of pears is white, has a pleasant, moderately pronounced pear smell with a hint of vanilla, very juicy, sweet and delicate in taste. The structure of the pulp is fine-grained, oily to the touch.

What to look for when buying seedlings

First of all, it should be remembered that in no case can one make a purchase on spontaneous markets, because the sellers are very bad at them or do not even monitor the species purity of their seedlings. In addition, in such markets, very often the roots of young trees are wrapped in plastic bags, which significantly damages them and has a very bad effect on their future survival. Even if you are lucky enough to get a viable seedling, the likelihood that it will be a wilderness will be very high. It is highly desirable that the sapling be grown and planted in the climatic zone, which would most closely correspond to the place where you intend to plant the young tree. This will facilitate rooting and contribute to the best growth and development of the future plant.

Pear seedlings of this variety are often grafted on seedlings of a different pear variety, which, however, must necessarily have greater drought resistance. It is not necessary to take pear seedlings that were grafted on cotoneaster, hawthorn, irgu and quince, because they do not have the proper level of severity of drought tolerance.

The choice of space

The best place for planting this type of pear will be a plot that is under the influence of sunlight for the longest possible time during the day, since the pear is a light-loving plant. It is also necessary to take into account the size of an adult tree, leaving for its development a plot of at least 4 × 4 m. The soil that is best suited for planting pears is black soil rich in various organic matter.

The soil must have adequate air and water permeability. The root system of this type of pears is especially vulnerable to the occurrence of various fungal diseases, so the soil should not be satiated with excessive amount of moisture.Sandy and clay soils are suitable for growing pears worst of all, because on such a land a plant is not able to fully develop its root system, which leads to inadequate development.

Preparatory work before landing

At first, the young tree will need well-loosened and fertilized with a large number of minerals soil. Therefore, it is necessary to lay a mixture in the pit intended for planting, which consists of 2 manure buckets, 2 sand buckets, 35 g of substances containing potassium, and 20 g of superphosphate. Be sure to loosen the soil, which you intend to sprinkle a young plant, and also weed all the weeds in its habitat. It is worth taking care that all actively decomposing components and residues of other pear species were removed from the soil, as they may be infected with various parasites and diseases characteristic of this plant species.

Next is to prepare a sapling.To do this, they tear off all the leaves and remove the branches and parts of the roots that bear obvious traces of damage. After that, the seedling should be soaked in water, placing its roots in the liquid for at least 3 hours. Then you can proceed to the direct process of landing.

Step-by-step process of planting seedlings

Belarusian late-grade pear has the following planting algorithm:

1. At first it is necessary to prepare a pit with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of about 80 cm. In the event that the roots of the plant are covered with an earthy clod, the pit is dug in accordance with its size.
2. Next, the young plant is immersed in a pit in such a way, so that its roots are fully laid out in it and never bend. At the same time, the root neck should protrude 6-8 cm above the ground.
3. A pit with a submerged seedling is filled with a fertile layer of soil, which is compacted as it is added.
4. The young pear is poured with plenty of water (about 3-4 buckets).
5. After moisture absorption, it is worthwhile to mulch the soil near the plant stem with the help of humus, fallen leaves or hay.

Seasonal care features

Pears - quite unpretentious in terms of tree care. The main pillarson which a successful harvest is based, are: timely pruning, fertilization in time, and the prevention of various diseases and pests.

Soil care

During the first 2 years after planting, it is necessary to strictly monitor the state of the ground area around the trunk: weed in time in a timely manner and shallow loosening of the soil (5-7 cm). In order to combat weeds, you can apply various solutions of herbicides.

After some time, some types of grass can be planted near the tree, for example, some kind of clover, red fescue or meadow bluegrass. These plants, after mowing, will serve as a very good source of mineral fertilizers for your pear. This variety of pears has a fairly high resistance to dry conditions, therefore, as a rule, does not require additional moisture. However, in conditions of excess heat, these trees recommend watering 2 times a day, at the rate of about 5-7 buckets of water for each adult tree.

Regular mulching of the tree trunk range is carried out only in the first years of active development of young pears, then it is applied only sporadically when it is too dry, in order to prevent excessive and too rapid evaporation of moisture from the soil. Mulching is carried out using hay, humus, freshly cut grass or fallen leaves.

Top dressing

In the spring, it is recommended to carry out 2 root dressings: one during flowering and another immediately after. Both of these dressings should consist of mineral fertilizers. For the first, a solution of nitrate is made in the ratio of 1:50 and further watering is carried out at the rate of 30 g of nitrate per square meter of the pear growing range. The second root dressing may be a solution of urea, at the rate of 180-220 g of substance per bucket of water.

About 5 liters of this solution will be enough to fertilize one tree. In the summer, it is best to fertilize using the foliar method. It would be best if these supplements contain substances rich in phosphorus and potassium, for example, a nitroammofosku, ammofosku or a solution of magnesium sulphate.Processing is carried out according to the instructions provided on the package with the drug. In the fall, one dressing is required, preferably at the end of September, which would contain a large amount of organic matter.

This may be infusions of weeds, fermented and diluted 1:10 bird droppings or liquid mullein. You can also add wood ash at the rate of 1 cup per 1 square. m of soil. Mandatory for plants are only dressing conducted in the spring and autumn periods. Summer foliar application is carried out on the basis of the need for such plants, which may manifest itself in a change in the appearance of the tree or the quality of the crop.

Preventive treatment

Preventive spraying to save the crop from pests and diseases should be done at intervals of 1-2 weeks. You can use for this purpose solutions of various fungicides and insecticides, each of which has individual subtleties of preparations and methods of processing, which can be further read on the packaging.

It is worth remembering that any processing of these substances should be carried out in rainy weather with no wind at all. The most popular and versatile treatment substances include Bordeaux liquid, 5% urea solution and 5% potassium permanganate solution.

Pruning

Young trees need pruning, which is designed to form in their future lush crown. For this purpose, the young seedling is left within the 5 most well-developed branches and the trunk is cut off by ¼. Adults are prone to thickening of the crown. The image of mature trees is carried out with the beginning of spring and before the first autumn frosts strike. It aims to remove all small young shoots and damaged, dying branches. Conducting pruning pears, it is worth remembering that the crown must have a uniformly expanding downward structure. In case the central branches of adjacent trees are in contact, they should be properly shortened.

Protection against cold and rodents

The “Belarusian Late” grade pear has quite good frost resistance, however, if the winters in your region are not snowy, there is a risk of freezing of the roots located in the surface soil layer.Therefore, in the winter, it is recommended to cover the soil around the trunk with sawdust or humus. Trunks of freshly transplanted trees can be wrapped in paper. In order to protect against various rodents, you can apply a cheap and reliable method - tying a tree trunk with conifers.

You can also use reeds or cut raspberry shoots. There are, in addition, various chemical compounds that have been specifically designed to fight rodents and have in their composition creolin or other chemicals designed to scare animals. We hope that this text has helped you in finding answers to your questions about pears of the Belarusian Late variety. Scrupulous implementation of all these recommendations will guarantee you a bountiful harvest. Good luck to you and your garden!