Variety pears "Hera": characteristics, advantages and disadvantages

Sweet pear fruit has long been popular. However, these trees for a long time carried the climatic conditions of our region, and the fruit quickly deteriorated. In this regard, it became necessary to breed winter varieties that are not afraid of frost and can be stored for a long time in appropriate conditions. From the recently bred one can distinguish a variety of pears "Hera", with a description and features of the cultivation of which. let's get acquainted in this article

Inference history

"Hera" was derived by scientists S. P. Yakovlev, A. P. Gribanovsky, N. I. Saveliev, M. Yu. Akimov from the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants named after I. Michurin. Pear obtained by crossing varieties of "Daughter of Dawn" and "Real Turin". Since 2003, this variety has been on trial.

Tree description

Hardwood crown fruit "Hera" looks like a pyramid, a small, red-growing. Stems are not thick, brown, lint-free, small lentils (pimples) are noticeable on young branches.

Leaves small, green, shiny, oval-shaped, sharpened at the end, curved, at the edges with small notches. Cuttings are medium sized, bare. Buds are round, smooth, pressed to the branches.

Fruit Description

Hera bears fruits with large, broad fruits weighing up to 250 g of perfect green shape with a rosy spot that turn yellow during ripening. The fruit has a pleasant aroma and a medium-thick skin that is covered with a brown fine mesh.

Peduncle growing from a small funnel and tilted to the side.

Core shape rounded, brown colored seeds, small, tapering up, residing inside closed chambers.

Pulp fruit color beige, juicy, loose, pleasant, with small grains, sweet, with a little sourness. At tasting, the taste of this pear was estimated at 4.3 points on a five-point scale.

Lighting Requirement

Plant a pear "Hera" is better from the south or west, so that was sunny but not excessive. Especially picky tree to light during the flowering period.

Sometimes the crown on a pear can grow strongly in the summer. Then, to ensure proper lighting, the branches must be thinned.

Sunlight affects the shape of the crown of a tree, with its deficiency the leaves grow only along the edges of the branches, the crown stretches upwards, the bases of the branches are devoid of leaves, the leaves themselves grow dull and thinner.

Soil requirement

The soil for planting pears "Hera" requires fertile, lumpy, with weak acidity, black soil is best suited. Sandy soil badly retains moisture, because of what the fruits become drier and more sour to taste.

In arid summer, a tree, especially a young one, needs watering, otherwise the ovaries and young branches may fall off. But an excess of moisture leads to a disease of the roots.

Do not often fertilize the soil for pears, it can worsen the condition of the fruit.It is possible to improve the quality of the soil by its aeration (loosening).

Pollination

For the formation of fruit ovaries need to have other varieties of pears for pollination.

You can make several grafts of pears of other varieties on the tree. Additionally, it is not necessary to pollinate.

Fruiting

This variety is typical mixed type of fruitingwhen the fruits ripen on branches of different ages, from lateral buds, on lances. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 4-5 years.

Gestation period

"Hera" ripens after September 10 - comes removable maturity. Consumer maturity pears with proper storage lasts up to 5 months. During storage, the ripe fruit continues to ripen and the taste improves;

Yield

This variety is characterized by high yield, it can reach 40 kg from a tree. Harvest better in gloves made of cloth, tearing along with the stem. Cover the basket with a cloth so that the fruit is not beaten.

Transportability and storage

"Hera" is well preserved under the following conditions:

1. Fruit should be stored in a dark, well-ventilated room with a temperature of up to +1 ° C and humidity of 85%. Due to the low humidity they lose juiciness.
2. Fruits are stored better in a low wooden box, covered with a cloth, interspersed with sawdust, sand, leaves, or wrapped in paper each. A cold plastic bag can be used if air is let out of it.
3. You can not tear off the stalk, store spoiled or over-ripe fruit.
4. It is not recommended to put vegetables near pears, it can spoil their taste.
5. During the storage period, the fruit must be sorted.
6. "Hera" can be frozen, if you wash it before, peel and dry.
7. Cut fruit is stored in the refrigerator no more than a day.

Disease and Pest Resistance

Pear "Hera" is exposed to rust and powdery mildew.

Rust caused by fungi and manifests itself in the formation of a rash, within which there are spores of a rusty-colored fungus. "Hera" grows worse, the taste of the fruit and the seed deteriorate.Fight against fungus by spraying and seed treatment.

Mealy dew - a fungal disease, has the appearance of a white plaque on the leaves or fruits. Sick pears begin to crack and rot, the tree gradually loses growth and dries out. A good result in the fight against the disease gives spraying means based on sulfur or "Karatan".

This variety is not susceptible to scab, entomosporiosis, Septoria and spotting.

Among the pear pests "Hera" overcome:

• sucker;
• leafworm;
• moth;
• fruit sawfly;
• apple flower eater;
• winter moth;
• hawthorn;
• ringed silkworm and others

Pear Copper (listbloshki) sucks the juice from the plant, forming copper dew, leading to drying of flowers, foliage and deteriorating growth.

Pear moth - This is a small butterfly with lead wings. Caterpillars make their way into the seeds, destroying them.

Pear fruit sawfly lays eggs in flowers Its larvae, hatching, eat the flesh of the fruit.

Apple flower eater rarely hits pears. Its larvae feed on buds, flowers do not bloom.

Winter moth - a small gray butterfly, the caterpillars of which damage flowers, buds, leaves. Hawthorn - a butterfly with white wings with a black pattern, lays up to 150 eggs on the leaves of "Hera". Ringed silkworm - dark yellow butterfly, caterpillars absorb leaves and flowers. Pest control includes the use of insecticides.

Frost resistance

Adult "Hera" tolerates frost well, and the frost resistance of young wood can be improved. You can fertilize seedlings with nitrogen until mid-summer, then use fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium. From organic fertilizers, first make a solution of chicken manure, and then - ash. It is necessary to ensure that by the end of summer the growth of the tree stopped.

Saplings for the winter wrap with sacking and tie coniferous branches, protecting it from frost. Tests conducted in research institutes have shown that "Hera" resistant to frost down to -38 ° C.

Use of fruits

Traditionally, pears are used for boiling jam, jam, compote, baking pies. The development of cooking led to the appearance of salads, creams, rolls, sauces with these fruits. They are made side dishes for wild birds, they can be baked and stewed.

In traditional medicine from the "Gera" make a diuretic decoction,in dried form, they are used to make a remedy for diarrhea, they treat prostatitis, baked fruits help with lung diseases, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Fruits remove harmful substances from the body, improve blood circulation and the immune system, lower cholesterol levels.

Beauticians recommend moisturizing masks from the grated pulp of the fruit, grapefruit juice and sour cream. For tired skin, lemon juice and whipped egg white are added to the pulp.

Advantages and disadvantages

In the cultivation of fruit trees of this variety there are advantages and disadvantages presented below.

pros

Advantages of breeding pear "Hera":

1. Frost resistance.
2. Resistance to some diseases.
3. The fruits do not cause allergies, are used in traditional medicine and cosmetology, rich in folic acid, potassium, iodine, tannins, arbutin.
4. Durability, prolonged fruiting.

Minuses

Disadvantages of growing Hera pears:

1. Lack of resistance to pests.
2. Pears change color when stored poorly.
3. Fruits should not be consumed by people with gastrointestinal upset.
4. High yields can make the tree weak.
5. Low cold resistance of seedlings.

Delicate taste, good frost resistance and the possibility of long-term storage create conditions for breeding pear "Hera", although the test is not yet complete.