Secrets of the successful cultivation of apple trees "Uralets"

Apple tree "Uralets" refers to the autumn varieties and is suitable for growing in the northern regions. Differs in strong growth, cold resistance and immunity to many diseases. We will tell you more in the article.

Breeding history

The apple variety "Uralets" was bred in the middle of the 19th century at the Sverdlovsk Experimental Gardening Station. Obtained by cross-pollination of the apple "Voskovka" with "Anis" and "Ukrainka".

The variety has a high winter hardiness. Due to this property, the apple tree has become popular in the Urals and Siberia.

Biological features

Next, we will tell about the Uralets apple tree, we will give its description and photo.

Tree description

Apple tree "Uralets" - vigorous and durable tree. The crown is pyramidal, strong. The bark is brown. The branches are perpendicular to the trunk, then bent upwards. The leaves are medium in size, dull, serrated on the edges. Fruiting begins in the fourth year.

Fruit Description

In May, rose buds appear on the branches, which bloom in small white flowers. Fruit ripening occurs in early autumn - in September. Fruits are uniform, small in size. The weight of one apple is 45-60 g. Appearance of apples is quite beautiful - cream color with a bright blush and red stripes. The flesh is light, with a cream shade, the taste is sweet-sour, astringent.

Pollination

"Uralets" - samobesplodny grade. For the ovary of the fruit he needs pollen from other apple trees. The best pollinator is considered a grade "Ural bulk".

Gestation period

Flowering apple begins in May. Apples develop all summer and reach maturity in September.

Yield

The beginning of fruiting "Uraltsa" occurs at 4-6 year of life of the tree. Each year, the yield increases, with the constant regularity of fruiting. Despite the small size of the fruits, 70-80 kg of fruits are obtained from one tree.

The result of continuous work to improve the variety is the complete elimination of the influence of weather conditions on the harvest.

Transportability and storage

The disadvantage of the variety "Uralets" is considered to be very small shelf life of apples. It does not exceed 1.5 months.

Fruits are suitable for transportation, they are dense and firm. Store apples better in places with high humidity, in boxes or boxes.

Frost resistance

The apple tree is very winter resistant. This variety is bred in the Urals and is intended for the Urals. Thanks to the success in breeding, the possibility of successful cultivation in Western Siberia has been obtained.

Disease and Pest Resistance

"Uralets" has a high resistance to disease. This apple tree is not affected by fruit rot, scab. Small risk of infection and other fruit diseases.

Most pests "Uraltsu" not terrible. The only one who presents some danger is the codling moth.

Timely cleaning of the windfall, old leaves and careful care of the trees allow you to protect yourself from the invasion of the moths.

Application

Small apples are very tasty and fragrant. They can be eaten immediately after removal from the tree.

Due to the low shelf life of apples, it is recommended to immediately start processing. They make excellent jams, preserves, compotes.

Selection of seedlings: tips

"Uralets" perfectly survives in various conditions. But the basis of this is a careful selection of seedlings. By choosing a tree should be approached seriously - the right plant will please you with a bountiful harvest for many years and will not bring a lot of care.

If you decide to buy on the Internet or in specialized firms - first look around and find out about the reputation of the store. If you have gardening friends, ask them how to choose apple seedlings.

When choosing a seedling pay attention to age - The best option for 1-2 years. To determine the age of the tree is easy - it does not have large branches or has several small branches extending from the tree at an acute angle. Pay attention to the state of the roots. Good roots should be without growths and whole. Carefully knock off the bark from the root - inside it should have a bright green color. The root should not fall off.

On a young seedling should be missing leaves.

Rules for planting apple seedlings

So, you decided to plant an apple tree of the Uralets variety and chose a good sapling. Now let's talk about how to plant this seedling so that it will take root and grow well.

Optimal timing

Seedlings are best planted in April or early October. The soil should be wet and already (or else) soft.

Location selection

It is necessary to approach the choice of a place responsibly.Since Uralets is a vigorous variety and has a developed root system, the proximity of water (less than three meters) can lead to the death of the root system.

The soil should not be swamped, light. Limestone, dense clay, dry sandstones are not suitable. The best choice would be sod-calcareous, sod-weakly podzolic, light loamy soils. Place of planting seedlings should be protected from the winds, especially the north. Plant the trees should be on the sunny side. It is desirable that the shadow of buildings and other trees do not obscure the sunlight.

Stepwise landing process

Preparation for planting produced in a week or two. Dig holes with a diameter of about a meter and a depth of half a meter. Saplings best soak for a day in water. The pit is filled for 2/3 with a mixture of humus (or peat), fertilizers (superphosphate, potassium chloride, ash) and ordinary earth.

A garter peg is placed in the center of the pit and a seedling is placed so that the root neck is slightly above the level of the soil. The roots are straightened, covered with the remaining mixture (from soil and fertilizers) and compacted.Now it is necessary to provide the tree with good watering (3-4 buckets of water) and mulch the tree trunk. Peat, straw, humus will be suitable as a mulching material.

The distance between seedlings should be from 2 to 4 meters.

Seasonal care features

Next, we will consider the peculiarities of growing the Uralets apple tree, because after planting, the tree also needs proper care - it saves the garden from many problems and will allow you to get fresh and tasty apples every year.

Soil care

In the first years of development, the main procedure will be watering - at least once a month, 3-4 buckets of water. With the development of apple trees, the amount of water consumed increases - one bucket for each year of growth. On dry soils (sandstones) and in the hot season, the irrigation period is increased to 1-2 times per week. It is not necessary to water the apple trees during the harvest, as this may damage the fruit.

It is better to ensure good watering during flowering, a month before harvest and during the leaf fall.

Rows and tree trunks need to weed. For the summer you can sow this space with green manure, which is buried in the soil and fertilize the apple trees.Mowed grass and fallen leaves can be left as mulch. With the emergence of weeds need to weed and loosen pristvolny circle. All procedures are performed after abundant watering.

Fertilization

The apple tree of the first year of life should not be fertilized. Root top dressing begins in the second year and consists of a urea solution (100 g per bucket of water) in spring, humates and humus in summer, in September and October - phosphate and potash fertilizers (100 g of superphosphate per 10 liters of water).

Fertilizer is grown four times a season for adult apple trees. In the spring, half a kilogram of urea is scattered under each tree. By the beginning of flowering using a liquid mixture of superphosphate (100 g), potassium sulfate (80 g), urea (50 g) infused in 20 liters of water. The third dressing is carried out after flowering - with a solution of nitrophoska and dry humate.

Disease and pest prevention

Apple "Uralets" resistant to pests and diseases. But still it is necessary to take some actions to protect the trees and prevent possible diseases.

The cause of the disease can be weeds, fallen leaves and plant parts. Therefore, the first method of prevention is the timely cleaning of the carrion and the cleansing of the garden. If you plan to use fallen leaves as fertilizer, then you need to either bury it in the ground or form separate compost heaps.

For the rest, trees do not require special care and procedures.

Cropping and crown formation

"Uralets" refers to vigorous varieties, so pruning is the main procedure for tree care. The lack of pruning will lead to the overgrowing of the crown, difficulties in picking fruit, an unaesthetic look of the garden.

The formation of the crown begins two years after the planting of seedlings. Cut off excess branches and shoots that grow too much upward. Spend rejuvenation, cutting off part of the previous growth. This limits the growth of trees in height and forces them to grow in width. Places cuts necessarily need to gloss over the garden pitch. With the annual pruning of apple trees begin to bear earlier and more regularly, such trees increase life expectancy.

Preparing for the winter

Apple tree "Uralets" has numerous reviews of high frost resistance. Special conditions for wintering it is not required. But trees should not be left unprotected. It is advisable to protect the trunks of trees with wraps (this will protect both from frost and animals from eating the bark), and the tree trunk should be warmed with a layer of mulch or humus.

The apple tree of the Uralets variety has many advantages - it is good winter hardiness, disease resistance, high yield. Among the shortcomings - small apples and a short shelf life of the fruit.

In general, it is a very good variety for breeding not only in northern latitudes, but also in any personal plot.