Peanut (peanut) is a tasty and at the same time healthy food, in which there is a large set of important elements for the body. This plant is quite unpretentious, but very few people know how to grow peanuts and provide it with proper care.
- Optimum terms for landing
- Location selection
- Lighting
- The soil
- Predecessors
- Site preparation before planting
- Scheme and depth of sowing peanuts
- Care and cultivation cultivation
- Watering, weeding and loosening
- Fertilization
- Hilling bushes
- Pest and disease control
- Harvesting and Storage
Optimum terms for landing
Experienced agronomists are confident that the most appropriate time, when you can plant peanuts in open ground, is May: at this time, the soil is already warm enough and will not harm the seeds. However, you should still focus on the growing region. If there are frosts in your area even at the end of spring, it is better to postpone the landing to the beginning of summer.
Location selection
Before you plant a peanut, you need to find a good place in the garden and create optimal conditions for it there.
When choosing a place it is important to consider that photophilous planthowever, a little shading is also calm. For spring planting, it is imperative that the site be freed from snow and dry as soon as possible. Cold winds are reflected negatively on yields.
Lighting
Peanuts love light and warmth. Even the slightest shading will lead to a rapid growth of the plant, slowing the development of vegetative organs, as well as reducing the number of fruits. The need for heat is maintained throughout the growing season.
The soil
Since peanuts grow directly in the ground, its quality and structure are key. This plant needs soil with neutral pHwhich is rich in calcium and magnesium. Ideal - light and very loose earth, which passes air and water well. In addition, it should be some amount of sand. Before planting, the soil is necessarily enriched with organic matter.
Predecessors
For a good harvest, not the last place is occupied by plants that previously grew on this earth. Peanuts will develop best after cabbage, tomatoes, potatoes and cucumbers.But legumes, on the contrary, may lead to the development of rot on the roots, so it is better to refrain from planting peanuts in their place.
Site preparation before planting
Basic soil preparation is layered stubblethat will allow to remove the weeds as much as possible, and to raise the zyabi to a depth of 30 cm. The first works are carried out immediately after the harvesting of the predecessors, the depth of the first treatment is 6 cm, the second is deeper: 11 cm.
In early spring, harrowing is carried out across or diagonally. Early treatment is carried out during the emergence of annual weeds. Cultivation should be carried out only on dry land, it is recommended to do it 30 minutes before sowing.
Scheme and depth of sowing peanuts
Landing peanuts in the open ground is best done in a square-nested way. Most commonly used scheme 60 × 60 cmhowever, no one forbids planting in other ways, for example, wide-row, when the width between rows is 65 cm, and the distance between plants is 20 cm. To obtain good seedlings, only large seeds are used, which are planted to a depth of 7 cm. At least three seeds are recommended to be placed in each well.
Complete planting abundant irrigation. Water pressure should be low, so as not to erode the soil and not bare the seeds. It is better to repeat the manipulations several times before the pools appear in the beds.
Care and cultivation cultivation
The main agrotechnical methods for the successful cultivation of peanuts are watering, feeding, hilling and loosening the soil. Of course, we should not forget about the protection of plants from weeds and the prevention of diseases and pests.
Watering, weeding and loosening
Ground peanuts are watered as needed, the plant loves moisture, but not when the land is too wet. During flowering, it is better to carry out wet procedures twice a week. Do it better in the morning. After the flowers disappear, watering can be reduced, at this time it is recommended to carry out more spraying.Similar procedures are carried out in the evening and do it every other day.
Weeding should be carried out often, so that the weeds do not clog peanuts and do not absorb nutrients. Loosening is carried out after each irrigation in order to increase the amount of oxygen in the ground, as well as to reduce the evaporation of moisture.
Fertilization
Peanut responds positively to the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the land.
On average, the need for batteries in the phases of development is as follows:
- seedlings before the appearance of three leaves - phosphorus;
- branching - potassium and nitrogen;
- the appearance of buds - nitrogen;
- flowering period - phosphorus;
- bobo formation - nitrogen and potassium.
Hilling bushes
Throughout the growing season, peanuts are spud about five times.The accuracy and frequency of execution directly affect the yield. The first time such work is carried out on the tenth day after the completion of the flowering period, when the fruitful shoots sink into the ground.
Before creating a sufficiently high slides (6 cm), it is recommended to carefully water the ground This will increase the number of tiers in which the future harvest will be laid. In the future, earthing up is carried out every 10 days.
Pest and disease control
To avoid the defeat of chalcosporosis, you need to monitor crop rotation and isolate new crops from last year’s crops. If this does not help, it is recommended to treat the area with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture or available substitutes. In order for the plants not to fall ill with Fusarium wilt, cabbage cultures should be included in the crop rotation.
Peanuts can suffer from powdery mildew, alternariosis, phyllostosis and gray mold. Get rid of these problems by handling approved fungicides. Dusting earth with ash or tobacco is suitable against aphids and caterpillars.
Harvesting and Storage
Begin harvesting when the leaves change color. The beans are dug out of the ground, separated from the stems and laid out on a flat surface, on which the sun's rays do not fall, for drying.After the shell dries, they take out nuts from it.
After harvesting it is worth considering how to store peanuts at home. In order to extend the storage time, you need to consider the following factors:
- Humidity. The most important factor, since an overabundance of moisture spoils the fruit and makes it unsuitable for consumption. In addition, these conditions lead to the appearance of a parasitic mold.
- Heat. The higher the temperature in the room where the crop is stored, the more intense the metabolic processes. They slow down only at temperatures up to 5 degrees.
- Nut ripeness level. With the wrong harvest, when they continue to undergo active physiological processes, proper storage is impossible. As a result, the nuts will deteriorate very quickly.
- Impurities. The presence of a large amount of minerals and other particles can cause hot spots, which will damage the entire crop as a result.
- Microflora. The presence of fungi and bacteria has a different effect on nuts.Most often they lead to the appearance of disease. Moreover, the presence of even a few diseased nuts lowers the quality of the entire batch, as it is quickly passed on to others.
It is best to store peanuts in a dry room that is ventilated with cooled air.