Agrotehnika cultivation of apple "White filling"

The fruits of "White filling" first ripen from all apple varieties. They have a pleasant taste and are ideal for jam, jam and other home canned food. These varieties are found in almost every household, they are easy to maintain and do not create unnecessary trouble. If we provide the young Apple trees of “Pouring White” with timely feeding and watering, competent pruning, the tree will thank for abundant fruiting in the third year after planting. How to do this, read on.

Characteristics of the apple tree "White filling"

This is a very common variety of early summer maturation.

The tree is characterized by a beautiful pyramidal or round crown of small size and moderate frost resistance.

The variety is characterized by medium endurance to scab leaves and fruits, other diseases and pests. Young saplings of apple trees "White filling" begin fructification much earlier, annually bringing a plentiful crop.

The advantage of the breed, many gardeners consider early flowering and bud resistance to spring frosts or cold weather, as well as the ability to enter the fruiting phase for the 3-4th year. They also note the taste qualities of apples, abundant yields, in some cases reaching up to 200 kg from a single tree. The disadvantage is the simultaneous ripening of all apples, their poor transportability.

Some gardeners have identified the “Bely pouring” apple-tree with the description of the variety “Papirovka”, which is of particular indignation among breeders. This is a completely different breed of apple trees. They have similar heavily pubescent shoots of medium brown-olive color. Vegetative buds flattened flat, small, grayish color.

Leaves elliptical, sometimes egg-like, medium-sized, not concave, gray-green shade with a strong hairiness on the inside. The stem is thick and not short. Flowers large white and pink. The fruits are light yellow with a pleasant aroma, white tender and juicy crumb. But still there is a difference. The apple-tree “Bely poured”, unlike the “Papirovka”, begins to ripen in the period from the middle of July. Her apples are sweeter in taste, not so juicy and distinguished by roundness. A ripe "Paping" appears only 2-3 weeks after the "White filling."

When apples perespevat, their flesh becomes powdery, pasty. The skin is thin, without a top coat. When you hit the fruit visible dark spots. therefore they are practically not suitable for storage. They are consumed raw or sent for processing.

Planting apple seedlings "White filling"

The right choice of seedlings is the key to successful cultivation of apple trees. The development of the tree during the first decade depends on how strong and healthy it is.But if you add some wise advice on planting and caring for the crop to the high-quality planting material of the “Bely Pouring” apple trees of the variety, a quick and abundant fruiting is guaranteed. We will understand in more detail in the nuances of planting apple trees "White filling."

How to choose the seedlings

The choice of seedlings is better to make in the nurseries and garden centers. There you can visually see the quality of the tree and also consult with experts.

When you are dug out the specified instance, and its roots will be treated with a special talker for successful transportation.

When choosing pay attention to the roots. They should have a strong healthy appearance, well developed whole branches, without mechanical abrasions and cuts, as well as without sagging and thickening. Look for any putrid damage on them, moldy areas. Scrape the spine with your fingernail - fresh white wood that appeared on the wound site indicates the viability of the seedling.

Otherwise, brown spots say about the dryness of the root system. This material is not worth taking. Suitable for planting an apple tree, usually with a height of not less than 1.5 m, with a healthy root neck, a straight trunk and five skeletal branches.On suitable specimens can not be flayed bark and other damage of any nature.

When planting material is selected, the question arises about the preparation for its transportation. To do this, wrap the roots with a damp cloth and gently place them in a large plastic bag. For this purpose it is possible to prepare a very wet substrate. The branches are slightly tied up. In cases where you plan to plant in a few days or weeks so that the root system does not suffer, the tree should be prikopat or leave the seedling in a bag with wet soil.

Optimum landing times and site selection

Spring rooting guarantees young saplings the formation of powerful rhizomes and the development of healthy, strong branches. Such an apple tree will have time to adapt to the winter and survive it safely.

Landing should be in the period from late April to early May. The main thing is that the earth should move away from winter, dry enough and be well warmed. The root system of seedlings before planting should be left for 24 hours in the water.And during planting water, while the ground will absorb moisture.

Spring planting is especially recommended for young plants whose age has not reached two years. More mature specimens root in the fall at the beginning of October.

Apple trees do not take root everywhere, so the choice of a site for planting plays a significant role. It should be borne in mind that "Bely pouring" does not like the shadows, the southern sun, strong winds and drafts. The tree will develop poorly in cramped. In the garden, the distance between the trees should be about 1.5-2 m. The location of groundwater at 2 m.

Ideal fruit crops enriched with useful substances not sour black soil. Do not plant on wetlands or rocky areas - on them the tree will suffer and hurt. Also avoid elevations, because the tree loves moderate moisture.

Stepwise landing process

Four weeks before planting the apple seedlings begin preparatory work. They are carried out in order to facilitate the rooting process, creating in the ground the necessary microflora.

For this purpose, dig a hole with a diameter of 1 m and 70 cm deep. It is important in the process of preparing the top layer of fertile soil to lay in one direction, and the bottom - depleted - in the other. Do not neglect this advice, because in the future the landing will be done with the earth from the first pile. In the middle of the groove, drive in a small peg; preburn it with the lower edge to prevent putrefying infections. At the bottom of the pit lay claydite or broken brick.

Then mix the compost, peat and humus with a fertile layer of soil (from the first pile) and fill the indentation with the substrate. Some experts advise doing this to the very top, explaining that in the future when the soil subsides, the apple tree will not be in the funnel. After this work, the pit is covered with a film and left for a month.

After the specified time, you can plan a landing. This process can be divided into several steps:

1. First inspect the planting material. The appearance of brown edges on slices of the root tips is an alarm signal. They need to be removed before live wood. Be sure to check for any putrid lesions.If the rhizomes are not dipped into a clay talker, do it now to avoid drying out.
2. A seedling with healthy and processed roots can be lowered into the prepared recess. In this case, the peg should be located on the south side of the trunk, for the prevention of spring burns of the bark.
3. Carefully flatten the roots and water the apple tree until the soil absorbs the water.

4. Then powder the soil with fertile soil and thoroughly tamp. At the same time, thoroughly shake the trunk so that the voids formed between the roots are covered with earth and the tree does not wither. Make sure that the place of transition of the trunk to the root (root neck) is located about 5 cm above the ground. If you bury it, the apple tree will bear bad fruit, if it is strongly elevated, it dries. Better sprinkle this point with a small mound of soil. This trick will allow water to flow when watered.
5. Tie the barrel to the peg. This will allow the trunk to develop in the right direction and protect the roots from strong loosening due to wind gusts.
6. At the end, grumble the circle to avoid moisture evaporating. In order to avoid contamination of roots with germs from decomposing materials, retreat 15 cm from the trunk.

Tips for caring for an apple "White filling"

Apple trees "White filling" in the care does not differ from other varieties. These decorative and prolific trees do not create troubles and delight their owners with the ability to adapt to any climatic conditions.

Pollination

It is possible to influence the quantity and quality of fruits by picking the right pollinators. The variety itself is not able to pollinate.

If there are no other apple trees near it, few fruits will be tied up, and their sizes will disappoint. Experts say that with a good neighborhood increases the yield, even on self-bearing trees. Gardeners on the forums share their experience that for the "White Pouring" the sort of apple pollinator does not really matter. The main thing that the trees were also early maturing (summer varieties). But botanists, by calculating the percentage of the resulting ovary on flowering plants, calculated that for this variety they are very suitable as neighbors Antonovka, Medunitsa, Ottawa, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Aromat de Vares, and Mantet.

Prevention and protection against pests and diseases

In case of violations of the elementary rules of agrotechnology, the tree becomes sensitive to attacks of pests, in particular, green aphids, moths, as well as diseases from scab, powdery mildew and others.

For prevention, it is important every autumn to carry out a special whitewashing of the bark and deep digging of tree trunks. You also can not leave in the garden uncleaned fallen leaves. In it harmful insects hide for the winter, the laid eggs winter.

If the apple tree is bad or over-watered, do not fertilize with minerals, a pathogen may appear in a poor-quality substrate cytosporosisthat eventually appears dark spots on the bark. Branches die off on an infected tree, and as a result, the trunk completely dries out. Treatment in the later stages is not effective, it should begin immediately with the manifestation of the disease.

The first treatment is carried out with a solution of the drug "Chom" (40 g per 10 liters of water) in early spring.

The second is when the apple trees bloom using a mixture of 50 g of copper sulphate and 10 liters of water. Then after a couple of weeks, they are re-disinfected with "Home"

The appearance of fungi provokes the development powdery mildewthat manifests itself on all fruitful parts of the apple tree with a whitish bloom. Some newcomers perceive it as dust and do not rush to take action. In such cases, the spots become brown in color with a grainy base, and soon black grains form on them. On the infected plant leaves fall and there is no ovary.

In order to prevent the progression of fungi, experienced gardeners disinfect the trees every spring before blooming of the buds with copper sulphate or with the “Skor” preparation solution, and when they bloom, repeat the treatment with copper oxychloride solution. In the autumn, the crown is re-sprayed with blue vitriol.

This substance is effective in combating scabresulting from the activity of fungi. On the "White filling" it appears brown spots on the leaves, which are showered over time, cracks and gray-black dots on the apples. When infecting it is important to clean the tree from damaged leaves, branches and fruits (they are burned away from the garden). As an alternative to copper sulfate, you can use Topaz in the spring, after the foliage blooms, and after flowering, you can disinfect with Home.

In order not to bring the trees in the garden to the resuscitation measures, every autumn, remove the fallen leaves, monitor the humidity and timely feeding. This is the best prevention.

Regularity and abundance of irrigation

Apple White "pouring" love moisture. Consequently, the number of waterings in proportion to the juiciness of the fruit. But the main thing - do not pour the roots, because an excess of water will entail rotting and mold on the roots. In the garden, trees can be sprinkled, drip, ground or surface irrigation. All these methods are effective if they are not in the heat.

The main thing is to properly organize the location of the hose and the dosage of water. It is better to water in the evening, pouring 2 buckets of water under each annual tree. The rate is doubled depending on the age of the culture. For example, biennial apple trees need 4 buckets of water, etc. Trees that are more than five years old are watered at the rate of 50-100 l / sq. m, as well as those instances that began to bear fruit.

After hibernation, the apple trees are watered for the first time before the buds blossom. Seedlings require special attention in the first five years of life. They are recommended to water every week.And adult apple trees re-moisten during fruit set.

Watch the weather, because the heat drains the forces out of the tree, and greenfinchs begin to crumble. A few weeks before harvesting, arrange for a third watering. In order to protect the tree from freezing in winter, the last soil moistening is carried out, under the condition of warm weather, in October.

Never water the apple trees during fruit ripening and after harvesting. The vegetation period is not over yet, and the flow of moisture contributes to the appearance of tops and young shoots, which are completely unsuitable for winter. After such an injury, a frozen tree may not survive.

Weeding and loosening the soil

These apple needs must be taken into account with each watering. Regardless of the method of moistening, complete the procedure by loosening and mulching pristvolny circles. Loose substrate facilitates aeration of the suction areas of the root system. And the mulch does not allow moisture to evaporate, thereby preventing the formation of a dry peel.

Do not allow weeds to grow around the holes; they suck out useful substances from the soil, preventing them from eating fruit crops.In addition, the grass contributes to the drying of the soil in the garden. Time weeding, then the seeds will not give new shoots.

Fertilization

It is necessary to start the fertilization of the trees of the “White Filling” with the beginning of the vegetative period, when young shoots are developed. In the spring, mature trees are watered with a solution of ammonium nitrate and nitroammofoski or pereprepyu manure. Substances containing nitrogen contribute to the intensive development of biomass. If you are afraid of chemicals, you can safely replace them with chicken manure. In this case, the fertilizer is prepared from 50 parts of water and 1 part of manure. Feeding is repeated 3 times throughout the spring.

For full development, feed the tree at the end of March with a mixture of urea in the proportion of 2 tbsp. l 10 liters of water.

Then repeat the fertilizer with a mixture of superphosphate before flowering. When the buds ottsvetut, feed the apple with a solution of nitrophoska and fertilizer "Sodium HUMATE."

Recommended for 1 square. m to make about 5-7 kg of organic, 60 g of superphosphate or 40 g of potash.The prepared mixture is brought not under the barrel, but into the previously prepared peripheral wells. They can be replaced by half-meter holes.

After the procedure, the soil is leveled, filling up all the grooves.

For apple trees growing on acidic soil, it will be useful to add 200 grams of lime or chalk, dolomite flour or ordinary old plaster every 4 years. This will contribute to the neutralization of the soil.

Cropping and crown formation

The first pruning of the White Filling apple trees is carried out even before planting, to form a compact crown. In the future, every spring cleaned sick, old and damaged shoots. And in the fall they are mowing down weakened and not adapted for wintering.

You can start work at the beginning of spring, when the movement of juice has not yet begun. With a disinfected pruner, carefully remove the top of the young tree trunk, leaving 80 cm of height, and cut off the side shoots. This trick helps to strengthen the roots.

Eliminate old specimens from frozen or sick parts, if necessary, thin the crown so that the branches do not obscure each other. Also cut branches tilted to the ground.At the end of pruning, cover up all cuts with garden pitch, and wrap polyethylene over large areas until the tree is restored.

Young trees require special attention. The seedlings in the second year of life form a crown. In order for this process to occur correctly, in the spring it is necessary to cut off the branch on the trunk and the branches growing upwards. Last year's growth is cut off by a third.

After a proper pruning, the crown of the apple tree will branch out, not up. It will have clearly expressed 2-3 even tiers, the lower branches of which are much longer than the upper ones. Some gardeners recommend in the first years of tree life to tie heavy objects to the lower skeletal shoots in order for them to acquire a sprawling shape. There is an opinion that the quantity and quality of the crop depends on it. Branches that are heavily worn under the weight of the fruit, it is better to back up, putting a small rubber pads under the edge of the support.

Preparing for the winter

Apple Bely Pouring in the winter is often attacked by rodents, severely damaging the bark. In order to protect miniature compact trees from these attacks, gardeners wrap trunks half a meter from the ground. Alternatively, burlap or dense mesh, which is backed with pine needles, will do. It is possible to replace these constructions with liquid products prepared from lard and other substances that are unpleasant for hares.

Particularly protected is young trees - with damaged bark, they are unlikely to survive the winter. And in order to protect the roots from frost, till the age of five, mulch the tree trunks for the winter with manure. In the snow-free seasons it is important to roll up the trunks of such specimens at the level of 15-20 cm

Harvesting and Storage

The simultaneous ripeness of all the fruits on the White Filling Tree is perhaps the only significant "minus" of the variety. Ripe apples have a very pleasant taste and are quite suitable for consumption in raw form. But with a bountiful harvest, they need urgent processing, as they are deprived of keeping quality. Especially if novice gardeners water the trees during the harvest. As a result, the apples crack and are absolutely unsuitable for transportation. Also, even the slightest blows and abrasions turn into brown spots. In order to avoid this, it is recommended that "White pouring" be carefully removed from the tree. The apples of this sort of housewife prepare very tasty jams, jam, marmalade and other homemade sweets for the winter.