Types of pigs and their characteristics

Svushka mushroom very popular and well known to experienced mushroom pickers. It appears long before other fungi and abundantly fruits until late autumn.

Consider the varieties of the fungus swine and see if they can be eaten.

Svinushka thin (lat. Paxillus heputus)

Svinushka thin is a mushroom of the Svushka family of Boletovye order. Now the fungus is considered poisonous, and until 1981 it was treated as conditionally edible. Thin pig grows in forests of various types and is similar in description to other varieties of this mushroom. The cap of the fungus grows in a diameter of 12-15 cm, has an olive-brown color. First, it has a weakly convex shape with a curled edge, then a flat one with a funnel-shaped depression in the middle.The edge is lowered, maybe wavy. The hat is fleshy, darkens on a break. The surface of its felt-fluffy, and later smooth, in wet weather - sticky. The pulp of the fungus is dense, soft at first, and in the adult fungus is loose, yellowish-brown. It does not differ in special smell and taste and can be wormy.

On the underside of the cap there are pseudoplates of yellow-brown color, which are easily peeled off from the cap flesh. Leg mushroom - up to 9 cm tall and 2 cm in diameter. Its surface is smooth, dull, dirty yellow in color, slightly lighter in color than the cap. Spore powder svinushki thin brown. Many mushroom pickers argue about the poisonous properties of a thin svushka. They claim that they used this mushroom for food always and feel good. Let's see, svinushka thin - poisonous fungus or not. For the first time, the death of a svushka with a fatal outcome in 1944 was noted. German mycologist Julius Schaeffer felt unwell, which developed into vomiting, diarrhea and fever. After 17 days he died. The cause was acute renal failure.

The main thing is that the symptoms of poisoning do not always appear and not immediately. The pig contains toxic substances lectins that are not destroyed by heat treatment. In the 80s of the twentieth century Swiss doctor René Flammmer found that the swine antigen is capable of fixing on the red blood cell membrane and provoking the immune system to produce antibodies and fight its own red blood cells. As a result, a person develops hemolytic anemia and renal failure. Since it takes some time for the body to produce antibodies, the symptoms of poisoning may not appear immediately. Also, the sensitivity of each organism to mushroom toxins is very different. Therefore, in 1984, by order of the deputy chief sanitary doctor of the USSR, a thin pig was listed in the list of poisonous mushrooms.

Alder swine (lat. Paxillus filamentosus)

Alfin or aspen sowy is a less common species. Received its name from the preferred place of growth under aspen or alder. It has many external similarities with a thin pig, but it differs in a cap that has a scaly-cracked surface with a more yellowish-red shade. Alpine gilts, as well as thin gilts, are poisonous, although some mushroom pickers still consider it conditionally edible.

Fat pig (felt) (Latin Tapinella atrotomentosa)

The most common types of pigs are both thin and fat pigs. This is a mushroom of the Tapinella family of the Boletov order. The mushroom has a cap with a diameter of 5-15 cm, first convex, hemispherical in shape, and later lingual with a funnel-shaped recess in the center. The surface of the cap is velvety or smooth with a rusty brown color. The edges are tucked. From the bottom side, it has a frequent lamellar cream-colored layer in young mushrooms and brown in mature ones. The leg is about 7 cm tall and is up to 3.5 cm in diameter with a cylindrical shape; it can be mounted centrally or with lateral displacement.

Its surface is velvety, dark brown color. It is often completely immersed in the substrate. The pulp of the fungus is whitish-yellow in color with no special smell with a bitter taste. It has the ability to swell in the presence of moisture and darkens at the fracture. Spore powder of mushrooms yellow-brown color. Ammonia dyes thick svushka pulp in bright lilac color, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) - in green and black. Svushka fat refers to conditionally edible mushrooms. Abroad is considered inedible or with unexplored toxic properties. The pulp of these fungi contains atromentin (brown pigment), which acts as an antibiotic and has an antitumor effect, telephoreic acid (blue pigment), used to dye wool blue.

Tapinella panusoidal, or ear-shaped piglet (Latin Tapinella panuoides)

The ear pig is an agaric. The body of the fungus can have lateral attachment in the form of flat-shaped caps with a diameter of up to 16 cm, which are arranged singly or fused on a thickened mycelium in the form of a short leg. The surface of the cap is felt, and later smooth, from yellowish-cream color to brownish-purple. The edge of the fungus is thin, tucked, can be wavy.From below the cap has narrow plates from yellowish cream to orange.

The base of the fungus is dense, velvety, brown. The flesh is fleshy, light brown in color, it becomes spongy on drying. Mushroom grows from late summer to late autumn singly or in groups on stumps or coniferous wood. The fungus can settle on the surface of old wooden buildings, causing their destruction. The ear-shaped pig is referred to as poorly poisonous mushrooms due to the presence of lectins. These toxins cause the red blood cells to clump together.

Paxillus ammoniavirescens

This mushroom is found both in urban parks and in the forests of Italy, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Portugal, France, England and in the countries of northern Africa. It refers to poisonous. The cap of the mushroom is fleshy, dense, yellow-brown in color, up to 12 cm in diameter. The body of the fungus itself grows low, up to 10 cm in height. Most massively grows in the fall. The spores of the fungus are large, brown in color.

Paxillus obscurisporus

The fungus of the pig Paxillus obscurisporus is classified as deadly poisonous and is similar in description to chaboris (Clitocybe genus). Distinctive features are brown, rather than white plates under the cap and brown, not white spores, like those of govorushek. The fungus most often grows under lindens or other broadleaf trees or on open pastures. It has caps much larger than other pigs. Pulp without distinctive smell, taste - sour. The hat is golden brown, with a diameter of 4-13 cm, with a raised wavy edge. The leg of the fungus is up to 8 cm tall, slightly expands from the ground towards the cap and is colored gray-yellow. The period of fruiting is July - September.

Paxillus rubicundulus

A characteristic feature of these pigs is a funnel-shaped cap with a diameter of up to 15 cm of yellowish-brown color with a reddish tinge. The flesh has a whitish yellow color and changes it when broken to red-brown. The surface of the cap is smooth and velvety. The leg is cylindrical, 8 cm high, at first yellow, and then acquires a reddish-brown color. This type of fungus is widely spread in Europe. This swine mushroom prefers to grow on the banks of rivers, in light forests with moist soil and forms a symbiosis with alder.

Paxillus vernalis mushroom

The fungus is found in the mountain forests of North America, Estonia, Great Britain, Denmark. Forms a symbiosis with aspen and birch. The fruiting period is August - October. The cap is convex, may have different shades of yellow-brown color. Its surface may be smooth or slightly rough. Under the cap are placed yellow plates. The pulp of the fungus is fleshy, dense, with no pronounced smell. Her yellow color on a break changes to red-brown. The leg is up to 9 cm high, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, the color coincides with the color of the cap.

Eating swine can cause a hurricane allergic reaction with a fatal outcome. Therefore, before you eat one type of swine, you must make a choice for yourself - to risk your life or not. What is more expensive for you - the taste of swine or life, decide for yourself.