Major diseases and pests of hoi: prevention and treatment

Hoya or, as it is also called, wax ivy is an evergreen vine of the Lastonev family. This genus got its name in honor of Thomas Hoy, a gardener from England. Today in the world there are about 200 species of plants. In the wild, hoiyu can be found in South China, India and Australia. Creepers spread along stony slopes and tree trunks.

Hoya is curling and hanging, and some species have antennae to cling to the support.The leaves of wax ivy are oval or heart-shaped, while that of hoi compact has a twisted shape. They are dark green, two-colored and speckled.

At home most often grown hoya meaty. The shoots of this plant reach seven meters in length.

Like all plants, hoya is prone to disease and suffers from pests. Consider these problems of wax ivy in more detail.

Non-communicable hoi diseases, how to eliminate them

Such diseases are caused by improper maintenance of the plant and care for it. Hoya does not like too low temperature and heat, which, together with direct sunlight can cause burns on the plant. If the temperature is too low, the leaves will turn yellow, and new shoots grow very slowly. The consequences of a sharp temperature difference can be cracks in the trunk.

If you do not follow the rules of watering hoy, then the stagnation of water in the soil can lead to rotting of the roots, as a result of which they disappear. And if the plant does not have enough lighting, then the shoots will be excessively stretched. Carefully and responsibly should be taken to the hoya fertilizer. If fertilizing is used incorrectly, the leaves and flowers of the plant may discolor. Do not fertilize hoya in hot weather.

Non-infectious diseases of wax ivy can be treated with Epin and Zircon. In the case of waterlogging or hypothermia, Epinay is sprayed with hoya leaves and stalks. The effect will be achieved 10 days after the start of use of the drug. "Epin" is afraid of sunlight, so do not put the plant under direct rays during processing. "Zircon" is used to treat hoyas when the plant is over dried. It gives an instant effect that lasts for 10 days.

“Zircon” restore the hoya root system, and “Epinom” - the aboveground part of the plant. Both drugs are well help wax ivy recover from severe stress.

Hoya does not bloom

If the home hoya does not bloom, there are several reasons for this, so before you do anything, you need to understand what exactly provoked the problem in your case.

The main reasons why ivy does not bloom are as follows:

• plant age;
• lighting;
• wintering conditions;
• support;
• top dressing;
• watering;
• soil composition;
• pot size

Age of the plant. Hoya, begins to bloom in the second or third year of life, but in some cases, its flowering begins earlier.

Lighting. The best illumination for the hoi is the south or southeast window. But there are exceptions: there were cases when wax ivy bloomed on the western windows and even in dark corridors. If your hoya does not bloom, move it to where it will receive more light.

Wintering conditions. As experience shows, hoya loves cold wintering with minimal irrigation and without feeding and fertilizer. But often it blooms in winter and without special conditions. There were cases when the wax ivy did not bloom for a long time, but, after wintering at a temperature of + 10-14 ° С, it began to blossom on the east side.

Support. Hoya does not like to be tied to a support so that the shoots descend. First you need to grow long shoots and only then gradually bind the plant to the support. The main thing is to properly form a home hoyu. No need to remove old flower stalks.

Watering. Wax ivy does not need frequent watering. In between water procedures, the soil should be completely dry. In the cold season, hoyu is rarely watered, in the summer it is sprayed more often and regularly.

Pot size Best blooming wax ivy in small pots. The main thing is that its roots completely fill the space of the container and the plant was cramped there. Do not forget about this during landing. It is best to have wax ivy grow in the same pot for many years. An adult plant comfortably feels in a container with a diameter of 15-20 cm. Hoya may not bloom for a couple of years, that's okay - this is her normal condition.

Top dressing and soil. The soil in which hoya grows must be loose and breathe well. Usually it is sand, peat and substrate mixed in equal parts. Sometimes the plant is fertilized, but not often. Some feed hoya with mullein so that it blooms well. For wax ivy, fertilizing is also suitable, which is given to succulents and cacti.

Growth slows down, leaves are pale green

In the hot summer, if hoya is standing on a sunny window, she can "burn" and discolor the leaves, due to overheating, the plant very often slows growth.

Leaves dry, turn pale, curl

If the leaves of wax ivy fade, dry and curl, This may be due to the low temperature in the room where hoya is located. It is also possible that This is due to the bright sun.

Leaves fall

If wax ivy leaves fall, there may be several reasons. For example, excessive moisture appeared in the ground, or you moved hoya to another place. Falling of leaves may occur due to severe hypothermia in winter, so do not put the plant on a cold window and do not water it with cold water.

Flowers fall

The fall of the buds and the already blossoming flowers in wax ivy can provoke dry and hot air.

Leaf deformation

Hoya, which is in the stage of active growth, can grow irregularly shaped leaves. Such deformation occurs due to poor watering. Give your flower more moisture and the problem will go away by itself.

Bacterial diseases hoi, how to get rid of them

This type of disease is caused by pathogenic bacteria. They penetrate the damaged areas of the plant and spread throughout the vascular system of hoya. The main symptoms of ivy damage by bacteria are dried branches and the trunk with formed ulcers, as well as reddish spots and watery spot on the leaves. Also, the leaves can become black-brown with a yellowish tinge.

When the damaged area softens, a sticky liquid with an unpleasant odor will be released from it. To prevent infection by bacteria it is necessary to monitor the integrity of the trunks and leaves, avoiding cuts on them. After pruning, be sure to disinfect with copper based preparations.

Treatment methods will be effective only when the local lesion and bacteria have not yet reached the vascular system of hoya. The diseased plant needs to be isolated, put in a room with dry air, not sprayed. If you notice the disease at an early stage, you can defeat it by removing all the affected parts of the hoya and capturing some healthy tissue.

Before each cut, treat the scissors or knife blade with an antiseptic. Then sprinkle with the Bordeaux mixture or preparations containing copper. If the processing has not brought results, the flower must be destroyed.

Bacterial wilt

This disease is manifested in wilting, which first affects the tops of the shoots, and then goes to the rest of the plant. Bacteria enter the hoy vessels, secrete pathogenic components, and inhibit the flow of water.

Bacterial spotting

Spots on the leaves appear on the dead spots. They do not have clearly defined edges, the structure is rather vague. The spots may be oily or glassy. They quickly spread over the entire area of ​​the leaf, which then dries, turns yellow and falls off. If hoya is in a humid and warm environment, this greatly increases the rate of spread of the disease.

Rot

They are manifested in the softening and dying off of the plant tissues, then on the affected area a rotten slime with an unpleasant smell is formed.The most common rot affects the plant species with large fleshy leaves. Root seedling can occur on any part of the ivy: flowers, leaves, roots. The reason for the appearance usually lies in violations of conditions of detention, such as high humidity of the soil, cold room, an excess of nitrogen fertilizers.

Hoi mushroom diseases, their treatment methods

Such diseases arise as a result of the defeat of the plant by imperfect phytopathogenic fungi. Characteristic symptoms: the flower stops growing, the leaves wither and turn yellow, the roots become brown and soft. In some cases, the leaves appear powdery mildew in the form of gray spots, which over time significantly increase in size. When the disease is started, the spots appear on the flowers and stems. Gray rot consists of spores and mycelium. First of all, it appears on the drying shoots and leaves, and later affects the healthy parts of the hoya.

To overcome the disease, you need to transplant the flower in fresh soil and strictly follow the rules of watering. We recommend using preparations based on thiram and benamyl. Once and for all rid of powdery mildew,it is also necessary to use fungicides: benlat, copper carbonate, sulfur, zinc, manganese. An excellent tool in the fight against gray rot is Bordeaux mixture. Spray it with a one-percent solution.

Anthracnose

Most often, these fungi infect weak plants: who have mechanical damage and undergoing stress. All above-ground parts of the hoya come under attack, but the focus of the disease always begins with the leaves. The spots on them look completely different. It depends on the type of fungus that caused the disease.

When the source of infection is Kabatiellazeae, small yellow specks appear. If you look at them through a magnifying glass, inside you can see a black or brown dot. With the development of the disease, the stain increases, instead of a dot, a bezel appears with a gray spot inside.

If hoyu was struck by the Colletotrichumorbiculare mushroom, then you will see brown spots on the leaves with a yellow border. As the disease progresses, the spots merge, then the affected areas dry out, and holes are formed in the leaves.

Colletotrichumtrichellum mushroom leaves large brown spots with a yellow or gray tint and gray spores.

Anthracnose usually affects the plant in warm and humid weather, as the mushrooms feel good at 90% air humidity and 22-27 ° C. The disease is provoked by frequent spraying of the plant, if hoya does not dry out for a long time and lives in a greenhouse.

Fungal spores are spread by raindrops, insects, wind. Lack of potassium and phosphorus in the body of ivy contributes to the disease.

To effectively deal with anthracnose, regularly steam the soil of the plant, reduce the humidity of the air, destroy the affected leaves, spray hoyu with preparations "Kvadris SK", "Hom", "Strobe", "Abiga-Peak".

Root and stem rot

With this disease, hoya stops growing, leaves dry and fall, then the root decays, and the plant dies. At first it seems that hoy just does not have enough watering, but after normal soil moisture it becomes clear that this is not the problem, the leaves continue to dry and fall off.

It is very difficult to identify the disease at an early stage, because the wax on the leaves makes them look healthy for a long time, and the root decays quickly. Lesions on the stem can be dry and wet. Rotten roots are black or gray. They can also be wet or dry.

In order to prevent and treat rot, the soil should not be too wet.especially if the room has a low temperature. The soil for planting needs to be sterilized. In the case of a rot disease, the affected plant is treated with Kuproksat, a colloidal sulfur or Bordeaux mixture, and if these funds do not help, ivy will have to be destroyed.

Cortical growth on the leaves

This disease manifests itself by fading leaves and gray bloom, a crust forms on the inner side of the leaf. The startled shoot stops growing but if you take the necessary measures in time, then hoya will survive. Further growth of wax ivy can slow down, and a new shoot will start moving next season. Hoya leaves will continue to be healthy, if all conditions of detention can be met.

The sequence of treatment of this disease: first, the leaves of wax ivy need to wipe with alcohol, then sprayed with "Hom" or "Ordan." After processing, place the plant in a warm place.

Gray rot

This fungus affects all green parts of the plant. On them brown spots with a greenish or gray raid will be visible. After a while, the spots will begin to look like dry rot, necrosis of blood vessels and tissues will occur. The affected parts of the plant die off.

The fungi that cause this disease are wound parasites. They get inside the stalks and leaves through the wound. Also, these mushrooms like musty air. Disputes are spread by wind, dirty tools and precipitation. Favorable temperature for the development of the disease - 17-25 ° C.

The ways to combat and prevent this disease are as follows: disinfect working tools and soil, air the room and reduce humidity. Do not forget about the lighting - Hoya should not grow in a dark place.

Black fungus

A black fungus settles on the secretions of aphids, powdery worms and whiteflies. It is a dry plaque that is not life-threatening to the plant, but clogs the pores of the leaves, which is why hoya does not breathe, stops growing and weakens.

Treatment is the destruction of pests. Wipe the flower with a damp cloth dampened in soapy water and then treat it with a fungicide.

Mealy dew

This disease is quite rare in domestic hoi. More often it is faced by those who grow this plant in greenhouses or in the open air. Leaves appear little white loose spots that can be easily wiped off.But if nothing is done, the spots will grow until they occupy the whole area of ​​the sheet.

The appearance of powdery mildew contributes to moist air, excess fertilizer with nitrogen and strong temperature drops.

Prevention and treatment: in case of a weak injury, tear off the diseased leaves and normalize the conditions of detention. If the disease is in its advanced form, use the preparations "Kvadris SC", "Topaz", "Tiovit", "Bravo".

Downy mildew

Another name for this disease is peronosporosis. Hoya is rarely affected by this disease. They suffer, as a rule, ivy growing in greenhouses and in the fresh air.

On the leaves appear yellow spots, which eventually change color to brown. On the underside of the leaves gray spots are formed, they then turn into black dots.

If you let everything take its course, inevitably yellowing and falling leaves, and the causative agent of the disease will fall into the vessels of the plant, which will lead to withering hoya.

Prevention and treatment: Be sure to disinfect the soil before planting, ventilate the hoya and timely remove diseased leaves. In case of a disease, treat the lower part of the leaves with the preparations "Ordan", "Khom", "Kvadris SK".

Black spot

The spots on the leaves that appear in this disease are shiny and bulging. They are called - stroma. How the stroma will look depends on the pathogen. But despite the slight differences in appearance, they all develop rapidly in high temperature, high humidity and poor lighting.

Treatment: spray the diseased plant with "Kvadris SK", "Abiga-Peak", "Maxim".

Rust

Symptoms of the disease: spots of red, yellow or orange appear on the top of the leaf, and on the inside there is a congestion of brown and orange spores. The leaf turns yellow, dries and then dies off. The disease spreads and progresses at high humidity and a temperature of 10-20 ° C.

Prevention and treatment: It is not necessary to spray hoyi species that are susceptible to rust, because the water droplets on the leaves contribute to the maturation of the spores. When watering it is not necessary to wet the aboveground parts of the plant. If hoya is sick, remove the affected leaves and spray the plant with Vectra, Kuproksat, Topaz, Vectra or Bordeaux.

Fomoz

Favorable environment for the fungus, the causative agent of this disease - wet and cool weather. The disease begins with the roots, and then spreads throughout the plant. Leaves form gray or colorless spots with spores in the middle. Then the leaves die off and fall off.

Prevention and treatment: carry out soil disinfection "Fundazol". After that, treat the plant with a preparation containing copper, and isolate the hoyu for the duration of the treatment. All other plants that were in contact with her, process. Leaves on the diseased hoi remove to prevent the reproduction of fungi.

Fusarium wilt

The disease proceeds in one of two ways: only the stem can wither or even rot the roots.

In the affected wax ivy, they first lose the turgor of the crown and then the escape. The vessels are clogged, become dark at the cut of the stem. To save the plant, it is necessary to cut off and root the top of the shoot. At the onset of the disease, the large roots remain healthy, and the small ones rot first.

If the soil and the air are wet, and the temperature is above 18 ° C, then the disease is very active.

Prevention and treatment: Before planting the plant, it is necessary to sterilize the soil and inventory, add "Fitosporin" or "Trichodermin" to the soil. At the onset of the disease, treat hoyu with "Vectra" or "Fundazole".

How to deal with the main pests of hoy, methods of dealing with them

Hoihe diseases provoke fungi, bacteria, viruses, pests and various external factors. Diseases can also occur as a result of improper care: Increased heat and humidity contribute to progressive carbonaceous diseases, and insect parasites do well in hot and dry conditions.

In the fight against tick and whitefly will help the drug Sunmite. It is effective at all stages of pest development and is not addictive. The drug starts immediately after its use and remains active for one and a half months.

From shchitovki, mite, thrips, whitefly and aphids have proven themselves well Aktara and Actofit. Chervtsov is best removed manually with a brush dipped in alcohol and spray the affected parts of the plant with preparations based on light oils. Well help and a mixture of drugs "Mospilan", "Confidor-maxi", "Aktara" on 1 mg.Each drug must be diluted separately in 330 ml of water, and then mix everything.

To radically get rid of the poduras, you need to dry the soil, and then sprinkle it with tobacco dust or lime.

White fly

This butterfly looks like a regular mole. The greatest harm is brought by its larvae, who drink the juice from the leaves of the hoy. Adult butterflies sit on the back of the sheet. Small round spots appear on the affected areas. Soon the leaves turn brown and die off.

Redhead

This insect pest is no larger than 5 mm with a wax cover. The larvae of the brittle crawl all over the hoy and stick to the trunks and leaves. Moisture and heat are the most favorable conditions for breeding worm. The most dangerous pest is the mealybug. The insect size is 3.5 mm and the color is bright pink or orange. After defeating ivy with a mealybug, a white bloom appears on the leaves, and hoya leaves quickly turn yellow and fall off. New shoots grow slowly. Soot fungi may settle on the pest excretions.

Red spider mite

This arthropod insect can be confused with a small spider. Live mite on the lower parts of the leaves.The parts of the hoya affected by spider mites are covered with yellow spots and die off. Ticks weave a web between the leaves and the stem. Red spider mite propagates under high temperature and dry air. Therefore, in order to avoid infection with a spider mite, spray the plant in the heat.

Nematodes

Small colorless worms up to one centimeter. When Hoya is affected by a nematode, galls are formed - swellings on the roots, and pests live in them. Gauls can be of different sizes, the size depends on the degree of damage and how weak the plant is. When infected with nematodes hoya stops growing, leaves turn yellow. If you do not take proper measures in time, the plant will die. This is because the roots can no longer provide the hoya with all the necessary substances.

There is also a species of stem nematode. If they infect hoyu, the shoots and stems of the plant develop ugly, the leaves wrinkle, and the core of the stem becomes brown.

Poddur

This white-winged insect can jump. A pest appears in a highly moistened soil and affects the aerial part of the hoya.

Aphid

Aphids can be confused with moths, only it has a different color range: from lime to black. The size of an adult aphid is about 3 mm. The insect lives in large colonies. Aphid provokes fungal diseases. Hoya, affected by aphids, dies quickly, so the main thing is not to miss the moment and quickly destroy the pest.

Initially aphid appears on the tops of the shoots, new branches and buds. There is also a flying and wingless aphid, the larvae of which can be found below the leaf.

Prevention and treatment involves treating the plant with Iskara-bio, Aktara, and Akarin. At the slightest sign of infection, it is necessary to isolate ivy, and, if the aphid has not yet spread throughout the plant, arrange a warm shower with soap for it.

Thrips

Both adult thrips and their larvae harm the hoi. An adult insect has a flat body, two pairs of wings and a sucking oral organ. TRips lay eggs right in the flesh of the leaves, up to 100 pieces at a time. They are black and visible to the naked eye, yellow larvae emerge from eggs in two weeks. At home, these pests grow and develop year round.

Thrips infect leaves. From the bottom of the sheet they form colonies, and dots appear on top of the leaf plate.Soon the sheet becomes silver and dies, hoya bare. Soot fungi can settle on the feces of thrips. When the plant blooms, the pests also settle on flowers. Because of this, the inflorescences do not bloom, grow poorly, become ugly. Propagation of thrips contributes to the high temperature at low humidity. Prevention and treatment: before processing chemicals you need to remove all the flowers on the plant so that the pests do not have shelter.

For spraying use drugs "Dantop", "Aktellik", "Mospilan", "Confidor-maxi", "Fitoverm", "Commander".

Shchitovka

Shchitovki larvae are attached to the stems and leaves of the plant and covered with a waxy bloom, like a shield. There are many varieties of this pest, they all feed on plant sap. The leaves of the affected hoy turn yellow at first, and then dry out and die. Wax ivy will die if time does not take steps to destroy the scythes.