During the period of active development of agricultural technologies, it is easy to find a pear variety suitable for specific conditions. There are a variety of varieties of pears, from collectible to the so-called "workers". "Working" varieties are time-tested and varieties of pears. These include pear "cathedral", won the love of gardeners due to its ease of care and predictable results. But, as often happens, different varieties of pears, including the departmental pear, are subject to various diseases and pests.
- Mealy dew, how to protect a pear from white scurf
- Why pears rot, or how to deal with moniliasis
- Black fungus, how to protect the pear from blackening fruit
- Rust on the leaves: what to do?
- Green aphid on a pear, how to get rid of a terrible pest
- Methods of dealing with hawthorn pear
- Why do pears appear on a pear, and how to fight them
- "Enemy harvest": how to protect the pear from the weevil
Mealy dew, how to protect a pear from white scurf
One of the most dangerous diseases of cat's pears is powdery mildew of fungal origin. This disease applies not only to pears, but also to other plants in the garden.It looks like a grayish-white bloom on the leaves and fruits. The first signs appear on young leaves, especially on the top, then quickly spread through the tree. This fungus affects the growth of leaves and young shoots. If you run the disease, the leaves and stems dry and fall off.
Hot weather affects the rate of development of this disease, as it reduces plant resistance to various viruses and pests. The fungus sticks to the leaves suffering from a lack of moisture, quickly depleting them.
When powdery mildew appears, gardeners immediately prune young shoots and burn them so that the fungus does not spread to other plants. Also, all plants are sprayed twice a season for prophylaxis. The first spraying is carried out in early spring, when the buds are just starting to bloom.
The second spraying is carried out after blooming buds. Spray a mixture of Terramycin 100 ml, Streptomycin 250 ml, penicillin 100 ml - 1: 1.Also, in the early stages of the formation of the fungus, spraying soda ash and soap helps (12 liters of water and 40 g of soap, 48 g of soda).
Why pears rot, or how to deal with moniliasis
If the gardener sees that he has pears in his sadupochka, then most often he blames it on weather conditions. But, most likely, pear fell ill moniliozom.
Moniliosis is an unpleasant and large-scale disease. Each season it affects fruit crops, and the departmental pear is no exception. The peak of moniliosis activity falls on the period of pear ripening.
This disease manifests itself in two forms: monilial burn and fruit rot. The fruit rotting fruit is very fast and spreads just as quickly. At first, it appears as a small brown speck that quickly covers the fetus within 3-5 days. On the expanded spot, soft-looking pads of grayish-white color are formed - this spores of the fungus Monilia fructigena.
The second form of this disease is monilial burn, which is widespread in the southern regions of Russia.In this form, the affected flowers, fruit twigs and pear twigs grow sharply brown and dry. The fungus actively develops during the flowering period of the plant, when the humidity level is elevated.
For prevention, gardeners treat plants with fungicides. Spraying should be carried out in a period when the wormshawk appears, and repeat this treatment every 2-3 weeks.
In areas where there is a high level of horticultural activity, large-scale work is underway to destroy the monilial fungus. To do this, in the fall burn the fallen rotten fruit of the pear and the remaining leaves. Trees are also treated with fungicides during the formation of inflorescences and immediately after flowering.
Black fungus, how to protect the pear from blackening fruit
Another fungal disease that affects the departmental pear is black fungus, or mobile. This disease mainly affects young or weakened plants.
This fungus clogs the pores of the plant, as a result of which the leaves begin to die. And in the launched case, the whole plant is killed. Having seen the bloom on the pear that covered the leaves or fruits, first of all you need to reduce the watering and clear the crown of the tree.The higher the humidity, the faster the fungus develops and the plant dies.
At the first signs of black fungus, you need to treat the tree with fungicides. The bloom that formed the fungus should be removed with a damp sponge or with a shower.
Rust on the leaves: what to do?
The causative agent of this disease is fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae. Carrier - juniper, on which this mushroom overwinter.
A cathedra pear becomes infected with juniper in the spring, when the spores of the fungus ripen. Rust strikes not only leaves, but also petioles, fruits and shoots.
The first signs of infection appear in July. On the top of the leaves are formed reddish spots of irregular shape. If time does not take action to eliminate this fungus, the leaves and fruits of the pear will wither and fall off.
If you notice that rust has appeared on the leaves of your pear, then first of all you should stop the spread of the fungus. If on the leaves and shoots appear characteristic spots, then you should immediately cut them off and burn. If the radius of damage is small, then you need to clean the rusty stain and disinfect with copper sulfate solution.
Also for the treatment of pears, it is necessary to treat fungicides, which contain copper and sulfur. The first treatment takes place at a time when disputes are still on the tree, and the second - after the flowering of pears, when disputes are actively spreading.
Green aphid on a pear, how to get rid of a terrible pest
A green aphid is a harmful insect that affects most fruit-bearing plants. Aphids pierce the leaf with a leaflet, bud, or sprout of a pear and suck the sap from the plant. The plant weakens and becomes easy prey for various viruses.
There are also winged aphid species, who move in the wind up to 25 km, laying eggs for the next season.
The damage that aphid inflicts is huge. Almost every plant in your garden can be a dinner for this insect.
For the prevention and elimination of aphids, you first of all It is necessary in the autumn to cut and burn affected branches with aphids and pear leaves.
Aphid prefers young plants. Before the winter season, you need to carefully inspect the plants for the presence of eggs and spray with water 70-80 degrees. This can be done in the spring, before the pear begins to dissolve the leaves.
Get rid of aphids will help you destroy the ant colonies that protect the aphids. This can be done with boiling water, pouring it into an anthill. Regular watering and fertilizer does not allow to smle suck the juice from the plant. Constantly need to clean the tree, cleaning the old, exfoliated bark, in which the aphid finds the perfect refuge.
Methods of dealing with hawthorn pear
Hawthorn is a beautiful butterfly that flies during the daytime. The wingspan of its wings is up to 70 mm, the wing veins are brown (females) and black (males).
Hawthorn appears in June and has a short life span of 1-2 weeks. It feeds exclusively on nectar and drinks water by expanding the proboscis. One butterfly of the hawthorn manages to lay up to 500 eggs for such a short period of life. The caterpillars develop in them for 15-16 days. After hatching, they begin to eat all the fruit plants.
Approximately 3 weeks the caterpillars eat fruits and soft young shoots. Then, by autumn, form a cocoon and are fixed in the old dry leaves. By the spring of the caterpillar Hawthorn, the period of active preparation begins. They eat swollen buds, and then buds and leaves. The adult caterpillar eats a whole leaf, leaving only its skeleton.
They finish the active period of nutrition after the flowering of pears and apples. Then they attach to a vertical surface, turning into pupae. After 2 weeks, a butterfly appears, ready for procreation.
Hawthorn butterflies are rare, and most often it depends on the weather conditions that preceded it. To control them, it is necessary to destroy eggs, collect and burn butterfly nests, attract birds that feed on insects. If you see that there are more than 4 nests on one tree, it is necessary to begin processing with biological products or insecticides.
Insecticides can be replaced by tincture of wormwood: 750 g of a dry plant pour water and insist 2 days, then boil for 25 minutes on a light fire and increase the volume to 10 liters. During the season, this preparation can be sprayed 6 times every 5-7 days.
Why do pears appear on a pear, and how to fight them
Often the appearance of a sucker on a pear is a consequence of climate change. If the winter was warm and humid, then expect a pussycatcher on pears.
Medianitsa, which winds up on a pear, differs from the apple one in that it is darker and has yellowish stripes on the back. Often the brawl winters under the old scales of the bark of the tree, under the fallen leaves.
In the spring, after a thaw, the sucker lies on the young buds. They are light yellow, they are difficult to notice. Each of the female squirrel can lay up to 300 eggs. From each such egg, brownish larvae crawl out, which settle on young foliage, pedicels, shoots and suck out the juice from the pear.During the summer, one brawler can lay up to 3 generations of eggs. Because of the strong damage the fruit grows incorrectly, the leaves dry and fall, the shoots dry out.
Medianitsa has this name because its larvae secrete sticky dew, which can sometimes drain from the tree.
In order to fight with the sucker, you need to clean the bark of trees in the fall and burn, destroy the fallen leaves, clean the territory near the trees from different debris. Before the pears bloom, the larvae that wake up after hibernation should be sprayed with a 0.2% solution. Karbofos or 0.3% solution Chlorophos.
"Enemy harvest": how to protect the pear from the weevil
Every gardener is well acquainted with such a pest as a weevil. This is a small beetle (up to 4.5 mm), on the wings of which there are transverse stripes. This beetle carries the winter in the cracks of the bark, notches, under the fallen leaves, in the most secluded places.
When a thaw comes in the spring, the weevil climbs a tree. He eats the kidneys, making small holes in them. When the buds begin to appear, the female weevil lays eggs in them, one female produces up to 100 eggs.
The larvae that emerge from these eggs, eat away the inside of the flower, gluing its petals together with its excrement, as a result of which the petals dry out.
After the flowering of pears, a new generation of weevils appears. They begin to actively eat pear leaves, preparing for wintering.
Frequent spraying is recommended to combat this pest. Metaphos, Karbofos, Vafatoksom and etc. The best period for treatment with these solutions is the period of pear bud formation. If you find these bugs in the root, then only after harvesting can the plant be treated.
You can also shake the beetles on the litter and then pour them with kerosene.
To rid a pear from weevils, you need dig up the soil under the trees, destroy the infected fruits and leaves. Can apply trapping belts on the trunk of a pear.
The list of what can hurt a department cat is quite large. But with proper care and care, you can protect your pear orchard from various pests and diseases. The main thing - always on time to respond to this kind of threat.
