Many people do not even think that the effectiveness of breeding the animals themselves may depend on the correct layout of the pigsty. After all, housing, in which pigs live, is one of the conditions for ensuring health, growth and reproduction.
One of the most important factors to consider when building such a building is the correct layout of the ventilation, which can provide not only fresh air, but also the correct heating in winter. If you approach this case with wisdom and calculation, then you can even save on heating and compensate for the young growth in the absence of paddocks. All this and tell in the article below.
- What are the advantages of a properly installed ventilation system of a pigsty room: details about the main thing
- Criteria to rely on when choosing the type of ventilation
- The most common types of natural ventilation pigsty
- What are the features and advantages of roof ventilation pig farms?
- Cross ventilation: features of the mechanism
- Longitudinal ventilation of pig houses: design features of the system
- Diffuse roof ventilation for pig houses: disassemble features
- We analyze the advantages and features of tunnel type ventilation.
What are the advantages of a properly installed ventilation system of a pigsty room: details about the main thing
The purpose of creating a good ventilation system in a pigsty’s room is to remove from the building already exhaust air, which contains water vapor (including animal sweat), harmful gases, various microscopic bacteria and dust. And, of course, cleans the pigsty from the smell of pet waste products.
If you properly direct the air flow, you can constantly keep under control the level of humidity, as well as air temperature. Ventilation helps to distribute heat properly when heating a room and cool it in hot weather.
If you do not provide for a special ventilation system during the construction of a pigsty, then in the future it will be quite difficult to correct the situation, although it is also quite possible. Some in this case prefer artificial electrical systems that condition the air.However, this is quite a costly and inefficient option.
The fact is that, unlike the residential premises for which such installations are intended, a lot of dirty air accumulates in the pigsty, which eventually causes air conditioners to malfunction. For this reason, it is recommended to prematurely think over the ventilation system.
Another important nuance in this matter: the size of the pigsty and the estimated number of individuals that are supposed to live in it. After all, the greater the room and animals - the more efficient must be the ventilation. In the same case, if 2-3 pigs are kept in the pigsty, it will be enough to have two windows, which will ensure a constant supply of fresh air and the weathering of the dirty one.
In favor of the fact that the ventilation system must necessarily be in the pigsty say the following arguments breeders:
- Ventilation is a fundamental factor that ensures the health of pork livestock, the characteristics of its quality and quantity.
- Insufficient humidity or temperature, as well as constant changes in these indicators, can significantly affect the height and weight of animals, affect fertility and the general condition of pigs.
- The opportunity to save money on the power supply of the pig complex.
- The ability to maintain a balance between the weather conditions in the street and the microclimate inside the room of the pigsty.
Criteria to rely on when choosing the type of ventilation
In no case can simply be installed in the pigsty such ventilation, which will be for you the most simple or the cheapest. In this matter it is very important to rely on the immediate characteristics of your farm:
What volumes of fresh air will you need in winter and summer time to maintain a stable microclimate?
What type of air circulation would be most appropriate for the type of building?
What weather features does your climate zone have? For example, wind speed is important, the norm of which is 0.2 meters per second in the summer, and only 0.1 meters per second in the winter. When the air temperature rises to 22ºС, the air velocity should rise to 0.5 and even 1 meter per second.
The most common types of natural ventilation pigsty
The most common types of ventilation today are:
- roof ventilation;
- transverse;
- longitudinal;
- roof diffuse;
- tunnel
Before you equip any of these types of ventilation, it is very important to pre-design the entire future pigsty building. It is necessary for the ventilation to work properly and not cause damage to the household. Even the location of the pigsty and the materials from which its walls and roofs will be built will be taken into account.
What are the features and advantages of roof ventilation pig farms?
Another name for this type of ventilation is mine. The most important feature of such ventilation is that it works due to the strength of the wind and makes it possible to almost completely abandon electricity. Since the wind is a natural factor which is an inexhaustible flow of energy, it can be used constantly, regardless of the season and weather conditions.
The installation of such a ventilation system is possible even after the complete construction of the pigsty building, since it consists of:
- inlet valves that need to be positioned near or on the side walls of a building and through which direct air circulation will take place — its entry inside the building;
- valves on the roof skate, which perform the role of natural exhaust.
Thus, fresh air will be blown from both sides into the building. Due to circulation and colder temperature, it will raise the heated and dirty air inside the pigsty itself to the upper shafts, rising up through which all the dirt, dust, steam and stench will be outside the room. It is very important that such a system can be very simply adjusted, if necessary, by closing or opening the side inlet valves, the need for which may arise depending on the season and temperature conditions.
So, in winter, the optimal microclimate can be maintained in the pigsty due to the natural pace of the animals, so the ventilation system can be activated only in the morning and in the evening, but the summer heat it should work to the maximum around the clock.
Advantages of roof ventilation: is it worth stopping at this option?
The advantages of this option on the face:
It is suitable for use in any climatic zones;
does not require the installation of additional air conditioners and the general use of electricity;
allows you to maintain the microclimate of the room, respectively, the external weather conditions.
Among other things, to install such a system is easy, because the role of the inlet valves in fact quite successfully perform the usual side windows. The only thing that will have to work hard is to build mine-extractor, which have a rather simple structure and must also assume the possibility of their complete closure.
Cons of roof ventilation
No matter how good and economical this ventilation is, it requires mandatory human control for proper performance. It is up to the individual to bear responsibility for the constant maintenance of a stable microclimate, which is regulated by closing and opening one or another number of valves.
Cross ventilation: features of the mechanism
The system of such ventilation has much in common with that described above, but it has both its advantages and disadvantages. The essence of its work lies in the fact that the natural circulation of air is provided by conventional inlet valves, which are placed only on one side of the room of the pigsty.To prevent the air from standing still and moving around the room, special ventilation systems are used.
These installations consist of fans installed on the side opposite to the wall with valves. In this way, The system of operation of such an installation is as follows:
- From the street, fresh air enters the room and is blown by working fans.
- Also, thanks to the work of the fans, it is actively moving around the entire room of the pigsty.
- Since fresh air is usually colder, with its mass it pushes the dirty air out of the pigsty to the outside, through specially designed valves.
Such a system also has the ability to regulate, by enabling more or less fan speeds. Thus, in the hot season it is possible to provide a more rapid movement of air flow, and in the winter - almost stop them.
Advantages of using a transverse ventilation system
- does not require special use of the roof and the construction of additional mines;
- allows you to artificially control the natural flow of air;
- more effectively maintains the stability of the microclimate in the pigsty.
Unfortunately, but this ventilation system requires not only human control but also the use of electricity for fan operation. Thus, in the event of a blackout, you risk putting quite a strong damage on your wards.
Longitudinal ventilation of pig houses: design features of the system
This type of ventilation almost completely repeats the previous one. Its main difference is that air flows do not circulate across the room, but along it. This feature is provided due to the fact that the fans and valves are not located near the side walls, but near the end walls. Installing such ventilation systems is advantageous if the wind blows most frequently on the end walls in your area.
Then, the fans without any problems will capture it and throw it into the room, where it will push the dirty and heated air from the animals to the opposite side.
But, the operation of such an installation directly depends on the following factors:
The strength and direction of natural thrust.That is, whether the fresh air entering the room can push the old and stagnant out, because, in this case, the length of the pigsty interferes with this.
Piston effect ventilation system. The longer the pigsty, the more powerful the fans must be installed. According to experts, the best option in this case may be reversible type fans. Their advantage is that thanks to them you can constantly change the direction of air supply, focusing on the microclimate inside the room.
The advantage of the described option consists in the fact that for his work uses a much smaller number of fans. Also, the wind can significantly help their work, if of course the fans were installed directly from the windy side.
Diffuse roof ventilation for pig houses: disassemble features
The optimal microclimate inside the pigsty thanks to this system is provided exclusively by natural means. For this purpose, side windows are specially installed, the air inflows from which refresh the room. The position of such windows can be adjusted individually for the weather and time of year. Thus, the more windows, the more ventilation options, since they can be periodically left open or closed.
The exhaust air in this case, again, exercise mines that go to the roof. Mines are also recommended to be constructed so that they can be periodically closed and opened.
However, in this case it is very important that the side windows are not too large. Indeed, in this case, the appearance of strong drafts is quite likely, which in no way will improve the condition of the animals.
The advantage of such ventilation of the premises with pigs lies in its economy. After all, all processes with the movement of air pass naturally and can be regulated by man.
Although the possibility of human control and constant regulation of the intensity of air flow is an advantage, it still requires attention and time. Also, in very hot and windless weather, the work of such ventilation is ineffective, that is, it directly depends on weather conditions.
We analyze the advantages and features of tunnel type ventilation.
Such a ventilation system can be called the most optimal, since it combines the use of natural air flow and the possibility of including fans in operation. Tunnel type ventilation is constructed as follows:
- As in the case of longitudinal ventilation, the entire system is installed on the end walls of the pigsty, although its installation is also allowed on the side walls.
- On the one hand, fans are installed, and on the other, windows with louvers, through which air flows.
- Since the openings with louvers are located exactly opposite the ventilation systems, the air in the room moves like a tunnel.
- In this case, the fans are used in very rare cases when the wind power is weak and the incoming air can not fully maintain the necessary parameters of the microclimate.For example, when both inside the pigsty and outside there is a high temperature and the airflow coming from outside practically does not differ in temperature from the inside air.
This is a fairly easy to install option that eliminates the possibility of drafts or air stagnation; can fully operate without human intervention, if the fan system has the ability to turn on automatically from the parameters of the parameters of the indoor climate of the room.
In fact, it is very difficult to isolate the shortcomings of this option, since it provides for almost all possible options for providing a pigsty with fresh air.
