Grape varieties produced by the skillful selection of scientists, have long become commonplace.
Such varieties usually possess not only excellent qualities of fruits, they fruit well and regularly, but also have good resistance.
After all, it is precisely for this that breeders are working on them.
In this article, we want to acquaint you, our readers, with one of these grapes, which has become widely known both in amateur and industrial viticulture.
They are a variety of "Talisman", all the secrets of which we will try to reveal below, as well as tell you how to grow these beautiful grapes in their own plot.
"Talisman" - a variety that will delight you with its qualities
This variety was obtained as a result of a well-thought-out selection of Russian scientists who used such parental forms as "Frumoasa Albe" and the rather well-known "Delight" for this.
Thus, table grapes were obtained, which gained its popularity not only as a fruitful culture, but also as a parent form for obtaining new hybrid forms. In breeding, "Talisman" is a donor of sustainability and good yield, especially often used for this purpose by amateur growers.
It is very important to note that the popularity of this grape sometimes plays a cruel joke with it: among the people and among the professionals, the Talisman has a very large number of names, and therefore it is very difficult to find its seedlings.
In particular, such names as "Kesha-1", "Kesha-2", "Kesha Muscat", "Super Kesh" and, finally, "FV-6-6", designate the same "Talisman". The thing is, he almost identical with the variety "Kesha", has similar qualities and the same parents, however, it is more fruitful and has better taste.
The grape "Talisman" is very widely zoned because it has time to ripen even in conditions with a relatively short summer period, and is sufficiently resistant to unstable weather. The bushes of this grape showed themselves well in the southern regions, and on the territory of the northern climatic strip.
Clusters of "Talisman": a description of the main characteristics, as well as features of the berries
The brushes of this grape are very large in size, which is what attracts winegrowers to themselves. The average weight of one bunch can vary from 0.8 to 1.2 kilograms.
Good agricultural technology and attentive care of the bush can significantly improve these indicators.As for the other characteristics of the cluster, it is worth noting that they have a medium-dense structure and very rarely meet loose. The shape of the brushes of this grape variety is usually conical, in rare years with poor pollination, they can be shapeless.
Berries also characterized by large sizesthat can be understood by the following parameters: the average length of a berry is 3.5 centimeters, and its width is about 3.1. From this it can also be concluded that they have a more oval shape than an elongated one.
The weight of one berry can be from 12 to 16 grams and more, if you provide the bush during fruiting with the necessary amount of nutrients. These berries are distinguished by the white color of the skin color and an unusually good and harmonious taste. At the time of full ripening the grape "Talisman" acquires nutmeg aromawhat is strikingly different from Kesha.
But, besides the pleasant aroma, the berries also have a good sugar-accumulating ability, which gives their flesh a very good sweetness. In particular, the level of this indicator in the pulp of the berries of the described variety can vary from 17 to 23%. At the same time, their acidity does not rise above 8g / l.
Discussing the question of fruiting grape bush varieties "Talisman"
As for the yield - the described variety is able to please you very much, because it can bear fruit at a very high level. First of all, thanks to the vigorous shrub and a huge number of fruitful shoots.
Speaking of the latter, it is worth noting that among the total number of shoots of a bush, their number is about 75-90%. Not surprising that the fertility coefficient of this variety is quite high - 1.4-1.8. This indicator is evidence that less than 2 inflorescences are usually not formed on one shoot, sometimes there are three (but in this case it is better to do the rationing of the crop).
One bush without fear can be loaded with eyes in the amount of from 24 to 32 holes. Experienced experts note that with good care, it is possible to achieve record volumes of crops and sizes of grapes not only for this variety, but also in comparison with others.
In addition, the Talisman bushes begin to bear fruit very quickly, literally in the second year after planting at a permanent place of growth of a two-year-old seedling.
In terms of ripening "Talisman" rather can be attributed to the early-medium varieties.The full period of the growing season of the bush from the moment of blooming of the kidneys and until the onset of absolute maturity of the fruits, takes 127-135 days. This allows by the beginning of September to begin tasting and complete break of fruits. Such terms quite allow to grow the described grapes even a little to the north of the middle band.
The qualities and characteristics of the "Talisman", which are considered to be his calling card
- Very high yield and large sizes of both bunches and berries on them.
- Good taste of berries.
- Crops have a long storage period. Moreover, even at the onset of removable maturity, they are capable of maintaining their presentation and taste for a long period of time.
- The fruits are also easily transported, while maintaining the beautiful appearance of the clusters.
- The bush responds very well to top dressing with the help of mineral fertilizers (potash salt + superphosphates).
- It boasts excellent rooting of cuttings, which greatly facilitates the process of reproduction of this variety.
- With regular preventive spraying of the bush from fungal diseases, manifestations of mildew,gray rot or oidium are not marked.
- The tolerance of low temperatures in "Talisman" is excellent. His vine is not afraid of frost at -25ºС. But, in spite of this, it refers to covering grapes.
- It is recommended to grow these grapes on rootstocks with perennial wood, since in most cases it is precisely because of this that high rates of fruiting are achieved.
Disadvantages of Talisman grapes: what can seedling sellers not tell?
Despite the large number of excellent qualities of the described variety, it also has its drawbacks. The first of these is the lack of male functions in the Talisman flowers. Although in general, even in spite of this, it is very well pollinated, nevertheless, in spite of this, a slight pea can be observed. But if the year turned out to be absolutely not favorable for pollination, it is advisable to take care of this independently so as not to be left without a crop.
The second disadvantage is very high yield "Talisman". You probably thought that there was a mistake, but in fact everything was said very correctly.
A very large amount of potential harvest is tied up on a bush, which the bush is often unable to take out.Therefore, if your goal is not just a harvest, but a beautiful and high-quality harvest, do not forget about rationing the number of grapes on a bush.
Many recommend cutting off also underdeveloped shoots, since their growth also takes a certain amount of nutrients.
Growing grapes "Talisman" at home: how to plant a bush
Planting a vine is actually very simple. The main thing to have a theoretical understanding of this process and a lot of enthusiasm. Rising "Talisman" very quickly, and his adaptive abilities are at a height.
Under what conditions do grapes best grow and bear fruit? Choosing a place to land
External conditions can be very strongly reflected in the vine, because the external environment is the source of nutrients for this plant. Thus, it is impossible to release this important point from attention and carefully choose a place for planting grapes.
First of all, this culture is best planted where it could receive the maximum amount of sunlight. Therefore, choose a place on your site that is not shaded almost the entire light period of the day. Its southern side will approach, well, or at least the south-western one.
Secondly, it is equally important for grapes to be protected from winds through, which are very strong if they blow from the north. In this regard, experienced growers strongly recommend planting grapes behind houses, other buildings or garden trees, which will serve as a shield for this plant.
Another important point regarding the choice of a place for grapes is the features of the terrain. The fact is that it is better not to plant vines in lowlands or valleys, because cold air stagnates in such places. Under their influence, grapes can either get sick, or partially lose their crop. thus, a low hill or artificial elevation is best suited to this culture.
Of particular importance are also the characteristics of the soil on which grapes should grow. Even if its fertility is not particularly high, the main thing is that according to its type it should be easy and easily let in water. The ideal option would be black soil, but with the growth on loam grape bushes "Talisman" also showed excellent results. With insufficient fertility, the bush will need to be regularly and very richly fed.
The root system of grapes is developing to a very large scale, especially strongly it goes deep into the soil. For this reason it is very important pre-check the groundwater level. They will not interfere with the bush in any way, if their level of occurrence is at least 2.5 meters.
Kut planting scheme: how not to thicken the vineyard
Since the Talisman grape bushes have a great growth force, they should be planted widely. It is optimal to make the distance between two bushes of one row in 4 meters. Thus, there will be enough space for both the growth of shoots and the roots.
In case of not very fertile soil, it is also possible to slightly increase this distance, due to which the area of bush nutrition will also increase. If you plant bushes in several rows, it is best to leave a distance of 5-6 meters between them.
What is the most suitable time for planting grapes to grow?
The time of planting grapes can be very prolonged and will greatly depend on the method of reproduction.
First, it is possible to plant bushes of this culture both in the spring, and in the fall. There are no principal differences and advantages in this or that planting, everything will depend on when you purchased the sapling.
In early spring, around the end of March, you can start planting "sleeping" seedlings, grafting cuttings and propagating grapes with branches. At a later and, at the same time, a warmer time, you can plant green seedlings, make the grafts "green to green".
The advantage of spring planting is the ability of a young bush to adapt well to a new place of growth and grow better, in order to survive the winter easier and more stable.
Autumn planting is less stretched in the temporary space and is more suitable for the reproduction of grapes "sleeping" materials. This concerns saplings and cuttings, which, by the way, are harvested in the autumn.
In connection with the last factor, it is precisely at this time that it is most logical to plant the grapes. The optimal time frame is mid-October, or a little earlier / later, depending on the weather and climatic conditions of your region. The only drawback is the high risk of frost damage to seedlings, although with good covering for the winter, they endure frosts perfectly.
We plant grapes "Talisman" to the stock: what are the features and tricks?
Regarding the "Talisman" variety, this type of breeding is the most acceptable, allowing the shrub to grow and enter fruiting much faster. To have a good vaccination, it is very important to properly prepare the cuttings:
- Long cuttings are not needed, 2-3 eyes are enough.
- The lower part of the cutting is recommended to cut on both sides. A stalk placed in this way will have closer contact with it and will be able to settle down faster.
- So that the stalk could keep moisture in itself for longer, it can be waxed.
- Before direct grafting, the lower trimmed portion of the cutting is placed in water. You can also dip it in a solution with a stimulator of root formation, which is prepared on the basis of the drug "Gumat".
In preparing the stock, the most important thing is to remove the old bush. The cut after this should remain smooth, the height of the hemp is about 10 centimeters. After that, the cut surface needs to be perfectly leveled, and also wiped off with a wet rag from dirt.
The split for the stalk should be done exactly in the middle of the stock. Do not split it sharply or strongly, as this may damage the stock.You can plant several cuttings at once, if the stock allows it and you want to get a big bush.
The essence of grafting is that only the cut part of the cutting is lowered into the split, so that all its eyes are above the stock. After this, the graft must be very tightly clamped to increase the contact between the stock and the handle.
Also, it is very important to lubricate it with wet clay, which will help retain moisture and protect it from exposure to adverse conditions. Inoculation is completed by watering the stock and mulching the soil.
How to ensure perfect vine care?
- It is very important to maintain an even level of soil moisture around the grape. For this reason, it must be watered during droughts. Watering is important in springtime. Do not forget to mulch after that the surface of the soil. For mulch use moss or sawdust.
- The subcortex should be regular and include humus, nitrogen, phosphates and potassium.
- Crop average - 5-8 eyes. It is held only in the fall or early spring, immediately after the snow melts.
- It is imperative to cover the bushes for the winter, especially for young seedlings.
- Regular preventive spraying will help protect the bush from diseases and pests. They need to be carried out before the flowering of the grape bush and at the time when the berries are just beginning to form.
