Grapes are a very ancient culture, which, however, has been developing rapidly and developing throughout all centuries.
Especially a big breakthrough was made by artificial selection, the results of which already number thousands of different varieties.
For this reason, even a very experienced grower can lose his head when meeting this abundance.
We will try to make every effort to introduce as much as possible at least one variety, whose name is “Timur”.
Our goal will be not only a description of the grapes and its fruits, but also an introduction to the process of planting and caring for the bush of this beautiful grape.
Description of the grape variety "Timur"
This variety is the result of the efforts of Russian scientists, who bred it by breeding. Parent forms of the grapes were such varieties as "Frumoasa Albe" and "Delight".
Grapes "Timur" received from them only the best qualities, and today is the favorite of many growers who seek to grow table grapes on their land.
At the same time, the endurance and stability of the described grape variety allows it to be grown in very many climatic regions, especially if it is grown as covering culture.
Naturally, the main characteristic of a grape variety is not a particular bush, but its cluster. In this grape variety, they have a fairly large size and weight in the region of 0.4-0.6 kilograms. At the same time, they have a cylindrical or conical shape, as well as a moderately friable berry distribution structure.
A special pride of the variety is its large and very beautiful berries. The average size of a single berry is 2.9 x2.1 centimeters, while their average weight is 6-8 grams. The shape of the berries are of two types: oval or nipple with a very attractive pointed tip.
For the color of the outer color of the grapes "Timur" is also of two types - white, with an exquisite amber or light brown tan on the sunny side, and pink. However, the first one is much more common, therefore we are talking about it (of course, we also recall about pink, but a little lower and not so detailed).
Taste grapes "Timur" deserve special attention. Due to its dense structure, when eating, it creates a crunch effect. And due to the high sugar accumulation rate (from 17 to 22% with the acidity of these berries only 6-9 g / l) and the pleasant aroma of musk, the taste of grapes of the described variety becomes unique.
It is also worth noting that the skin of the fruit is very thin, therefore, when eaten easily breaks and almost not felt.
First of all, it is worth noting that this variety is characteristic average bush growth. Therefore, it can develop poorly if it is planted next to vigorous bushes.
To get rid of this problem, many plant grapes "Timur" to more vigorous bushes. Due to this, not only increase the size of the bush, but also improves its fruiting.
The only difference from the cultivation of this variety on its own roots will be only in the later periods of ripening of the crop, which usually occur within 105-115 days of the growing season of the grape bush. But in any case, the variety will show itself as early.
Generally, yield grape "Timur" high.
An important role in this is played by the excellent maturity of the shoots, among which 75-95% are fruitful, and the high fruitfulness factor of the shrub, which is 1.5-2 (that is, from 1 to 3 clusters can ripen from 1 to 3 clusters). Moreover, even shoots on perennial wood have a good suitability for fruiting.
The big advantage of this variety is excellent rooting of its cuttings, which greatly facilitates the process of reproduction of grapes. It is also worth noting that the “Timur” variety of grapes quickly becomes fruiting, already 2 or 3 years after planting at a permanent place of growth.
Little about the most important merits grape "Timur"
- The grape variety has a bisexual flower, which ensures a stable and abundant yield without pea berries.
- High yield and good presentation of bunches of grapes.
- The ability to obtain larger sizes of clusters and berries when rationing the bush to 20-25 eyes or when it is grafted to a strong-growing rootstock.
- Good compatibility with stocks of almost all tall grape bushes.
- When growing this variety of grapes near the wall or near-surface formations of the bush, it is possible to achieve an indicator of sugar accumulation of 25%.
- There is a high resistance to such common diseases of vineyards as mildew and gray rot.
- "Timur" refers to one of the most resistant grape varieties, because even when lowering the thermometer to -25ºС, its wood is damaged only in rare cases.
In fact, the only disadvantage of this grape variety is weak growth of his bush. Because the bush is small - and the number of shoots on it usually forms a small, and even with very abundant crops, the bush is not always able to pull it to a high level without normalization.
In addition, this variety is quite demanding of growth conditions, soil type and top dressing. Thus, without proper care, it will not bear fruit and develop well even as an ornamental plant, or it may even disappear altogether.
The bush especially strongly reacts to its cultivation on heavy soils. In this case, despite the good harvest, their quality varies considerably. In particular, the skin of the berries becomes coarser and acquires an unusual tart and grassy flavor. Fortunately, by the time of full ripening of the crop and the acquisition of consumer maturity, this taste completely disappears.
Grapes "Timur" pink: differences and similarities with the more popular white
This type of grape is distinguished in the first place by the terms and characteristics of fruiting.
It begins to bear fruit as well as white, but its fruits ripen a little later, by the middle of August. After all, the growing season of the bush lasts at least 110 and sometimes even 130 days. At the same time, the fruiting of pink grapes is not as abundant as the one described above, although it has larger fruits: clusters have an average weight of 0.8 kilograms, have large pink berries. The structure of the cluster is loose.
Unlike its white relative, the pink "Timur" possesses sweeter flavor berries For this reason, and its caloric content is much higher, about 70 calories per 100 grams of berries.
Also, pink grapes usually have an elongated shape and more dense skin. But the skin is also eaten and in no way displayed on the taste. By the way, these two types of Timur grapes differ greatly in taste.
A very strong disadvantage of this variety is that its bush is often affected by the grape mite. It is very difficult to fight this pest, so many people prefer to choose white Timur for planting on their own plot.
We share the special rules of planting grapes "Timur" and answer the questions "how?", "When?", "Where?" and "how?"
The mere desire to have on your site is always small.After all, it is necessary not only to plant it, but also to do it right. First of all, you need to make a choice of how to plant a grape bush, because there are actually several ways:
- Reproduction of grapes with the help of grafted seedlings.
- Inoculation of grape cuttings to stocks of other varieties.
- Sowing grape seeds.
- Growing a new bush method of withdrawals.
But, for a grape variety, it is preferable to choose this method of grafting to strong-growing rootstocks, which have a large stock of perennial wood. Because of this, it is possible to grow a good bush with a good growth force Also, in this case, you can achieve less whimsical grapes, which has a variety of "Timur".
Not less effective can be planting and sapling, on their own roots. However, in this case, the quantity and quality of the crop will be somewhat lower.
There is no significant difference in whether you will plant grapes in autumn or not in spring. Each season has its drawbacks as well as its advantages.
It is essential to take into account only the fact that green seedlings and cuttings are best planted in the spring, because in the fall they can be damaged by frost.However, in the fall there is a much larger selection of the seedlings themselves, and planting them at this time is carried out more efficiently due to the high saturation of the soil with moisture.
If you are going to plant grapes in spring, then this can be done from the very first warm March days. At this time, you can plant seedlings saved from autumn or make vaccinations on old stocks.
In later spring days, seedlings that were grown in winter from grape cuttings are planted until the beginning of July. They have green shoots, therefore, the later you plant them, the greater the likelihood of their conservation from spring frosts.
Autumn planting of grapes is carried out in less stretched terms. This is usually the time when grape seedlings are already at rest. This is necessary so that only the planted grapevine does not have time to start growing, which is highly undesirable in view of the approaching winter frosts.
Also, in connection with the same frosts can not be delayed with landing. It is best to perform it in the second half of October, in more northern and colder regions - late September or early October.
Grapes are very fond of heat, and the Timur variety also requires fertile and light soil for good growth.In this regard, simply plant a bush in the free space of your summer cottage will not work.
It should be very careful to ensure that the bush is in no case obscured by buildings or other plants, and also has a sufficient amount of nutrients.
Experienced winegrowers recommend growing “Timur” grapes near their houses, on their southern side (well, or from the south-west). Due to this, the bush will not only receive a large amount of sunlight, but will also be well protected from cross-winds.
The latter are particularly dangerous for the grapes during flowering, because they can tear off all the inflorescences. In addition, the grapes are best grown on small hills or hills, because in the valleys can also stagnate large streams of cold air, causing fungal diseases.
It is better to select the fertile soil for planting the described grape variety. In the event that there is no such on your site, you should self-fertilize it with large amounts of organic matter. But still, it is worth considering that “Timur” is the best fruit and grows on light and warm soils.
The scheme of planting this grape should take into account the growth of its bush. For this reason, the distance between the bushes in the same row can only be done in 1 meter, but between the rows - from 1.5 to 2.5.
Proper grafting is key to the success of future grape harvests. For this reason, before embarking on it, you should become familiar with this process, which we suggest you do.
First you need to do the preparation of cuttings. They are usually harvested in the fall, so it makes more sense to inoculate at the same time.
However, cuttings may well be maintained until spring, if you cover them with sand and keep them in a room where the temperature does not fall below 12ºС. At the same time, the best cutting should have no less, no more than 2-3 eyes.
For grafting, the lower part of the cutting must be cut from both sides, making a wedge. This will allow him to press more closely to the stock, thus accelerating his rooting.
Also, the lower part must be hold some time in the waterso that the cutting should be fed with the necessary moisture and more vitality. With the same purpose, the upper part of the cutting, that is, his eyes, it is recommended to wax.
After that, you should start preparing the stock in the first place, removing the old bush. The surface of the left stump, a height of about 10 centimeters, is made smooth to smooth.
Also, it is very important to remove from it all the dirt that can cause diseases. Then you can do in the stock split. It should be done carefully and not deeply so as not to cause damage.
A prepared stalk is placed in the split and deepened only with the trimmed part. If the stock is wide enough - you can graft several cuttings.
For the effectiveness of grafting, the stock needs to be pulled as tight as possible and secured with durable fabric. After this, the stock is smeared with wet clay and is poured abundantly with water. It is important to instill in or hammer a support for the future bush near it, and also to mulch the soil around.
Care for grapes "Timur": the most important aspects
- It is very important to regularly water the bush of this grape variety. This is especially important before flowering and during the formation of the future harvest. During droughts, it is also impossible to leave the bush without additional moisture.
- Each watering should be accompanied by mulching of the soil: around the trunk lay out a 3-cm layer of sawdust or moss.
- For good fruiting bush requires regular pruning. The usual load of the bush is about 30 eyes, although to increase the size of the clusters, they are normalized to 20-25. Each shoot is shortened by 10-12 eyes.
- This variety, despite the stability, you need to cover for the winter, regardless of age and size.
- Top dressing of the grape bush should also be regular and fairly abundant. Feed can be standard, organic and minerals, but it is very important not to overdo it with nitrogen fertilizers.
- Preventive spraying of the bush are carried out every year before flowering and upon its completion.
