To consider this plant, it is necessary to determine what it is. To do this, refer to the etymology of the phrase "Lupine Siderat". Lupine is a plant that belongs to the legume family. Lupins in nature are represented by both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, shrubs, dwarf shrubs. Siderats are plants that are grown for the purpose of future fertilization and incorporation into the soil in order to improve its structure, enrich it with nitrogen, and inhibit weed growth.
- 1. Description of the plant
- Merits
- disadvantages
- Yield
- 2. Terms of landing
- 3. Method and depth of sowing
- 4. Care
- 5. Cutting
1. Description of the plant
The most popular among plants that are aimed at green fertilizer, enjoy the culture belonging to the family of legumes. Lupine is a priority plant of gardeners and gardeners from the entire available selection of siderat.
Lupine is inherently quite a unique plant, as it has properties and elements that are very important for fertilizing the earth. Nitrogen fixation - the process of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (from air to soil). After this process, developed by Lupine as a sideratome, The soil not only receives the bulk of the useful and nutrients, but in the literal sense of the word - a huge increase in nitrogen in the ground. In digital equivalent: for 1 hectare of land, lupins produce and accumulate about 200 kilograms of nitrogen, which is simply a huge surcharge in soil fertilizer.
Merits
Lupine as a siderat has a huge number of advantages in comparison with its closest similar "fertilizer mates":
- 1. Lupine has very deep roots that sprout up to 2 meters. Thus, the root system can extract all the most nutrients from the depths that other plants cannot even hope for.
- 2. It is the lupine that can assimilate and process very difficult to access soil elements.
- 3. Lupine is quite an early plant. It will reach its apogee in development within 50-55 days after sowing.
- 4. It has already been said that lupine has an enormous yield of nutrients, especially nitrogen. Thus, when plowing, the volume of green mass after lupine can be compared only with green mass after manure. As a result, it is possible to obtain an increase in the amount of soil per hectare (under ideal conditions): nitrogen - up to 350 kg, phosphorus - up to 80 kg, and potassium - up to 240 kg.
- five.A huge plus is also the improvement of the soil. Lupine siderat is a suppressor of the development of diseases, pathogenic bacteria and soil organisms: root rot, scab and nematodes.
- 6. Lupine is not demanding on the soil and is drought-resistant and cold-resistant (depending on the variety).
disadvantages
Lupine siderat is one of the best fertilizer plants. But there is one “forced” flaw that emanates from all of the beautiful aspects of fertilizer. This disadvantage is the presence of a certain amount of toxic alkaloids. Due to the presence of this toxic substance may deteriorate the taste of the final product.
However, not all lupins have a large number of toxic alkaloids. So, the most NOT alkaloid are yellow and white lupins, which are mainly used for fertilizing the soil. You should not use blue lupine, because the number of alkaloids there is higher and the change in taste in the negative direction will negate all the decent qualities of this plant.
Yield
Lupine as a siderat has an extremely high yield after sowing on the green mass. This volume varies in the region of 50-65 green mass per 1 hectare.Thus, only manure fertilizer can be compared with this fertilizer.
Lupine as a siderat is capable of completely replacing the manure in the fertilizer of the earth. Even under poor growth conditions, on average per hectare the green growth will be about 400 kg, which is a fairly high indicator of the effectiveness of fertilizer.
2. Terms of landing
Sowing lupine directly depends on its belonging to a particular species. So, white lupine is scattered across the field from the beginning of spring to the end of autumn. Blue lupine and yellow sow even after early vegetables and winter cereals, but no later than July begins.
Initially, lupine does not have a fast growth rate and is overgrown with weeds. As a rule, it is sown under various cover crops (cereals, winter crops, oats and annual grasses). Cover crops have time to yield a crop of green mass or grain, and as a result of mowing, lupins begin their active growth and give a good harvest. So for one season they get a crop consisting of two different crops.
The most tolerant of sandy soils is lupine yellow. It grows better than others on acid soils, but prefers medium loamy and sandy soils, with a neutral and slightly acidic reaction. Yellow lupine does not tolerate any alkaline reaction of the earth at all. Blue lupine, which also does not tolerate the formation of a crust and excess lime, does not tolerate compaction.
More than others, there is a need for nutritious loamy soils that have a neutral level of acidity - white lupine. It is the only lupine growing on carbonate soils. At the same time, white lupine, as the most drought-resistant and the most thermophilic, is the most non-toxic of all.
Lupine as a siderat is very light-loving and moisture-loving plant. This is especially evident in the period from sowing to the first formation of a closed herbage plant.
3. Method and depth of sowing
To plant a lupine, it is imperative to prepare the soil.Such preparation consists in loosening the land with a cultivator or flat cutter. This is the optimal and sufficient method of tillage, which improves the fertility of the soil, and also facilitates the work of the farmer. You should not make manure or nitrogen, in order to avoid the suppression of nitrogen-fixing activity of nodule bacteria. For an excellent harvest you need to use a variety of organic fertilizers.
The best way for planting is in narrow range. When it is, the distance between the rows is 15-30 cm, and between the plants themselves - 5-15 cm. Sowing depth - up to 3 cm. The seeding rate, for example, narrow-leaved yellow lupine is 2 kg per one hundred, when it is sown manually. When sowing blue and yellow lupine, 3 kg per one hundred square meters will be considered the norm.
Nevertheless, the depth of sowing is very directly dependent on: looseness and soil moisture, looseness, weather conditions. Therefore, the average depth for sowing lupine biomass will be 7–8 cm. At high or low planting variations, you can lose the nutritional qualities of fertilizer. On this basis, the thickness of the biomass layer itself should not exceed 7 cm.
Planted seeds must be scarified (shell must be worn). A significant improvement in seed germination will be the addition of EM drugs, due to the content of nodule bacteria.
4. Care
The main component components of lupine care are cleaning weeds and loosening the soil. You also need to look at the root neck of the flower, because with a few years it can climb out onto the surface of the soil, and this is fraught with the middle part of the bush itself will die off, and its side parts (sockets) will be isolated. In this case, you need to pile up the plants.
From fertilizer to the fertilizer itself, you can use super phosphorus and potassium chloride. It is these mineral fertilizers that will allow the plant to grow more quickly and in the future to prepare the ideal soil for planting green plants.
5. Cutting
Cut off lupine after approximately 8 weeks from seeding. You need to be very careful about this period, as you need to not miss the moment when the buds appear, but before they get their color. It is best to cut with a flat cutter or cultivator.
Before that, it is necessary to pour a solution of EM-preparations that will accelerate the processes of fermentation and create favorable conditions for enrichment with trace elements, minerals and nutrients of the soil. Those stems that are large and coarse need to chop. If there is a need to leave lupine by spring for snow retention, then it is necessary to take into account that the initial fertilizing effect may decrease significantly.
It is important to know that the process of decomposition and humification of plant residues can take place only with a large amount of moisture in the soil. Accordingly, in arid regions this process is not desirable.
