Year-round industrial greenhouse allows you to grow vegetables and berry crops a year.
They are built by agricultural complexes, farms, owners of large private farmsteads.
Industrial greenhouse: features
Industrial greenhouses differ from the usual large size, they use heating systems, which allows to obtain several harvests in year. Greenhouse buildings occupy a significant area and, as a rule, have a great height.
Such structures can be multi-tiered and multi-storey. For conditions Far North Greenhouse buildings are being built with walls of capital construction materials that use only artificial lighting.
Large, most equipped with electronic tracking systems and technology, greenhouse buildings are built in Holland.
The useful area of such structures is several thousand square meters.
This is real covered plantations.
Vegetables, berries and flowers are grown here not only in the soil, but by methods hydroponics.
Then the plants are planted in a synthetic porous material resembling glass wool.
Minerals and water, selected individually for each culture, are fed into this material. This technology allows to obtain very high yields.
For dutch greenhouse complexes Special equipment is produced for heating, irrigation, irrigation, fertilization.
In such buildings they make a multi-tiered heating system and heated floor, the heating system provides for the production and supply to the premises carbon dioxidewhich is needed for metabolic processes of plants in the daytime. Dutch greenhouses are delivered to customers worldwide.
Russian enterprises mastered the western production technology of industrial greenhouses.
Russian products cost farmers and individual customers much cheaper imported, moreover, local enterprises that are engaged in the production of farm greenhouses, make them adapted to the weather conditions of the regions.
Large volume industrial greenhouses allows you to grow plants on racks, suspended pallets, using several tiers. The number of "floors" depends on the height of the plants. In greenhouse buildings done artificial lighting, which allows plants to receive more light in early spring and late autumn, as well as in winter.
Industrial greenhouses - photo:
Serially produced models
Large enterprises in all regions Of Russia develop standard projects for conventional and industrial greenhouses. They created a series of projects and offer the buyer a large selection of products.
What are industrial greenhouses? There are several types of professional greenhouses for the farmer:
- tunnel;
- multitone with gallery;
- block multi-span;
- garden centers.
Farmers and farmers enjoy the greatest popularity among farmers and homeowners. tunnel greenhouses. The series is being developed by manufacturers based on existing building codes and regulations in Russia.
Industrial-scale greenhouses are produced under the film and under the polycarbonate, the design uses different types of framework. The section of greenhouses can be arched, "Gothic", "with straight mills" and with "straight walls reinforced." The width of the greenhouse building ranges from 3.5-12 meters.
Series "Farmer"
Industrial greenhouses "Farmer" designed with respect SNiP 2.10.04-85, they are intended for the industrial cultivation of vegetables, berries and seedlings. The framework of the farm greenhouse is assembled from a galvanized profile on the bolts.
Arc-shaped trusses are pulled together by straight beams. The cross-section of greenhouse buildings is semi-circular (arched) or pointed ("Gothic").
Sizes of industrial greenhouses "Farmer":
The height in various models of the series is 3-4 meters. This allows you to grow both tall crops and small plants, placing the seedlings on the racks.
Greenhouses of this series are mounted on any foundation or on the ground, in which stands are dugged. The width of the structure is from 3.5 to 7.7 meters. The basic package includes double gates, which are mounted at the ends of the greenhouse building. At the request of the buyer, air vents can be additionally installed.
Greenhouses covered transparent cellular polycarbonate. The customer can choose the thickness of polycarbonate - 6 mm (recommended), 8 mm or 10 mm. Polycarbonate is fastened with special fasteners "polyfrag", on the end walls covering material is fixed with corner brackets.In the greenhouse "Farmer" vegetables can be grown year-round.
How to start building?
- The choice of location.
- Selection and drafting of the project.
- Materials
- Heating greenhouses.
Location selection
To get the most out of your investment, you need to be right. orientate the building.
Construction of industrial greenhouses begins with the selection of the site. It should be as much as possible even (a slight slope of 0.04% is allowed). If hurricane winds occur in the region, the construction of additional shields and fences should be envisaged, which will reduce wind speed. They will protect the building from inflatable snowdrifts.
During the melting of snow and heavy rains, the area should not accumulate water that will heat up greenhouse and destroy the foundation. Before the construction of industrial greenhouses should think about supplying it with water.Soil should be fertileIn addition, to obtain good yields, it is necessary to envisage the use of soil mixtures, natural and artificial fertilizers.
Selection and drafting
Before the construction of the greenhouse, the farmer and the owner of a private farm need to decide what he will grow in the summer and winter. As a result, will be compiled farm greenhouse drawingas well as a list of requirements.
Experience has shown that in the construction of a responsible structure, which will serve for years, it is better to rely on specialists. In specialized firms, customers are provided with a choice of dozens of finished projects that correspond to their wishes. Here you can buy a ready-made greenhouse unassembled and mount it on the foundation. As a rule, businesses offer installation services.
Projects and drawings of industrial greenhouses:
Materials
How to build industrial greenhouse? In order for the greenhouse to serve for many years, it must be mounted on the foundation. The foundation allows you to securely fasten the structure, prevents the infiltration of atmospheric water from the outside, protects the cultivated area from weeds.
Any kind of small industrial greenhouses is suitable. foundation - on stilts, block, point, slab, brick. For large greenhouses, they usually make a concrete foundation, less often use timber.
Frame
For farm and industrial greenhouses use durable frame arched or gable form. The frame is collected from the hat profile, from the profile tube or from the corner.
Hat frame is quick and easy to assemble, but this design can not stand heavy snow weight. If you decide to build farm greenhouses from a profile pipe, then the framework can be welded. The pipe has a round or square section. This design also does not withstand the heavy weight of snow.
The best is the frame from the corner (corner profile). It is assembled on bolts, without welding, the profile is galvanized and can serve for many years. This design can withstand the weight of snow. up to 100 kg per square meter.
The frame is fixed on the foundation. For strength, use anchor bolts or pre-fixed studs. This mount will provide sufficient rigidity and strengthwhile the difference in the heat capacity of building materials will not contribute to the loosening of the structure in extreme heat and frost.
The frame may be aluminum. But the aluminum construction will deform under the influence of winds and heavy snow.
Winter industrial greenhouse - project:
Covering material
As a covering material are used:
- cellular polycarbonate;
- glass;
- polyethylene film.
Cellular Polycarbonate
Currently, the most popular covering material is cellular polycarbonate. It is easy to install, it is reliable in operation, does not collapse from accidental sharp blows. This material will not be broken even by a strong hail.
Foreign industry produces cellular polycarbonate various thickness (from 3.2 to 25 mm) and structure. For small winter professional greenhouses made of polycarbonate, they use material from 3.2 to 6 mm thick. For greenhouses and greenhouses, transparent polycarbonate is usually used. The coefficient of light transmission depends on the thickness of the sheet and varies from 62% before 83%.
Glass
The coefficient of light transmission of glass is high (88-92% for glass of various thickness). Greenhouse facilities can be glazed with both window and greenhouse glass, which is much stronger. Dutch industrial glass greenhouses are covered with a special look. float. This glass is molded into ready-made forms, which increases its strength.
Polyethylene film
Film Industrial greenhouses have been used for a long time, but this material has several disadvantages. The film is difficult to fix without damaging. Winds stretch the film, it begins to inflate and breaks, because of what it has to be changed. Arched farm greenhouses under the film, which are located in areas of strong winds, have to overlap annually.
Film farm greenhouses - photo:
Heating
For heating Industrial greenhouses in the winter establish solid fuel, electric, gas boilers and oil-fired boilers. They heat the water, which circulates through the pipes, conducted along the contour of the building, and under its floor, fills radiators. Thus, both air and ground are heated.
Industrial greenhouses can be heated with warm air from heating appliances. The room heats up very quickly, but after turning off the equipment, the temperature quickly decreases. At the same time, the ground does not heat up.
For heating farm greenhouses you can use infrared heaters PLEN. Heater panels are mounted under the ceiling; during their work, the ground, plants and structural elements are heated, but not the air.
Infrared radiation works just like the rays of the sun. Excess heat enters the air. This type of heating industrial greenhouses expensivebut very effective, plants feel great in infrared rays and give great yields.
Conclusion
Industrial greenhouses allow you to get big yields in a small area. The quality and quantity of products grown depends little on the weather, which makes agricultural technologies for greenhouses increasingly popular.
