In the creation of this little paradise for the soul, fancy fruit trees will help - columnar apple trees that represent the world of special apple trees.
Now we consider the varieties of these trees and describe the most suitable for planting on suburban areas near Moscow.
Apple-tree is kolonovidnaya. Varieties for the Moscow region - charming honey beauties
The world of progress and modern technology does not stand still. Every day something appears around us new and original. This applies to all spheres of our life. Saturated time and many tasks dictate each special conditions of existence. Each person dreams to organize the space near him as comfortable as possible and most convenient for living. There is probably no one who, for the soul would not start a little garden plot.
Work in the fresh air helps to distract from the pressing worries, everyday problems, while getting a lot of pleasure and recharge your batteries for new achievements. In our article we will talk about how to get a small garden as simple as possible for a long time.at the same time the most efficient use of small space.
For a long time, scientists have struggled over how to get fruit treeswho will take little spacebut they will give highest possible yield. Thought, thought and succeeded. Thanks to perfect coincidence, to the joy of all fruit lovers, a variety of columnar trees was bred, among which even today one can find plums, cherries, and peaches, and pears, and apple trees. These small trees very quickly gained wide popularity among gardeners around the world.
Today we will talk about a variety of one of these unusual fruit trees - a columnar apple. A species of apple with such an interesting and unusual crown appeared completely by accident, as consequence of mutation in nature.
In 1960, one very attentive gardener from Canada, a certain Vazhek, noticed a branch on the apple tree of the Macintosh variety that was not similar to other branches. This branch is very different from others in its appearance. Mr. Wazek collected her buds, and selected a new variety of fruit tree. Thus, the Macintosh Wazhek apple variety appeared - it was first columnar varietyappeared among these wonderful fruit trees.
Already exists many varieties of apple varieties are kolonovidnoy, but we want to tell about the varieties most suitable for growth and development in the gardens of the Moscow region, as this area is distinguished by its weather conditions and a certain climate, which requires a special approach to the selection of trees and their maintenance.
The direct role in how a tree will take root in any locality is played by the peculiarity of each variety, which includes, how the tree tolerates cold, heat, pests and disease, as well as how it bears fruit under certain conditions. Let us dwell on those types of trees that are most suitable for the conditions of the Moscow region.
Variety descriptions
In our time, fruit crops delight us with their diversity and quantity. The apple tree is no different. All gardeners know that there are many varieties of apples in the world. They differ in taste and size of fruits, ripening period and method of growth.
For example, according to the term of ripening, apples are divided into three large groups. it summer varietiesthat give crops in the middle of summer, autumn varieties - giving a harvest throughout the fall and winter varieties - which ripen in late autumn and stored until the next heat. Having correctly distributed all three types of these trees in your garden, you can have fresh apples at home all year round.
Among the most common varieties of columnar apple trees, the most suitable for growing on the Moscow suburbs are: the variety Medok, President, that ripen in the second half of August; cultivar "Vasyugan", "Gin" and "Titania", which ripen in the autumn season; varieties "Bolero", "Arbat", "Moscow Necklace", which please with ripe juicy fruits and are able to persist until February. All listed varieties tolerate harsh Russian winters well, very resistant to diseases and pests, and also give a good harvest.
It is worth paying attention to the gardener that, in addition to a very unusual look, these varieties of columnar apple trees, due to the small size of their tree, are very successfully used in the development of such hobbies as landscape design own infield
In addition, it is worth recalling special structure the trees of the columnar apple trees themselves, which are strange for our understanding tree with a pronounced trunk - the base, and branches located around it, dotted with an abundant crop of apples, which seemed to have stuck to every free centimeter. During the period of ripening of the fruits, the branches of the tree are located to the sky vertically, resembling in structure an element of architecture - the columns, from which they borrowed their name.
Fruit
It's no secret that an apple is one of the most delicious and healthy fruits, insanely healthy. Very few people who do not eat apples. The fruits of this fruit contain a huge amount of nutrients and vitamins, so it is widely used in the preparation of various fruit purees for children and juices. But it should be noted that, depending on the variety of apples, the taste and quality of the fruits themselves are very different among themselves. Therefore, you need to know the individual characteristics of the fruits of each variety.
Description of the fruits will be the right to start with the fruits of summer varieties: "Medoc" and "President." Fruits of grade "Medoc" are distinguished by a pronounced yellow color and have a bright, sweet, honey taste.The fruits have a juicy coarse-grained internal structure with a hard outer skin, weighing about 100 -250 grams. They are most suitable for canning and making dried fruit. The ripened fruits of the "President" variety have a weight of about 140 - 250 grams. At the same time, their color is pale, yellow-green with a pronounced pale-violet partial color. Fruits with a regular round shape and a fairly pronounced sweet-sour taste, have a fine-grained juicy pulp structure.
Variety "Vasyugan" has fruits with a pronounced red-green shade and also juicy fine-grained structure of pulp, sweet-sour to taste. Most suitable for use in raw form.
Variety "Gin" has bright red fruits with a weight reaching about 200 grams. At the same time, fruits have a sweet-sour taste and incredibly juicy firm flesh.
Variety "Titania" has a scarlet color fruit with a relatively small weight, about 110 grams. The fruits are distinguished by a sweet wine taste with white flesh.
Variety "Bolero" It has fruits of huge mass, about 200 grams of weight and a white, rather firm pulp with a lot of juice.They have a green outer skin.
Sort "Arbat" It is famous for fruits of bright cherry color, with a weight of about 110 grams, which is not stored for a long time, but is consumed fresh, in its raw form.
Variety "Moscow Necklace" it is distinguished by fruits of huge mass of about 250 grams each, and by a uniform red color with a predominantly sweet taste and fine-grained structure.
Now, knowing the characteristics of the fruit of each class, it will be quite easy to determine their personal needs.
Tree
Trees of the columnar species are very attractive and beautiful in nature. Therefore, they are popular not only as a fruit tree, they are also widely used in landscape design. As they say, for good for the cause, and convenient and useful.
A distinctive feature of any columnar tree is a thickened shoot with internodes, which are greatly shortened. As a result of such growth, the leaves on the tree are located very close to each other, which forms thick green column, which is very beautiful and elegant looks.
Fruitful branches on the tree are formed on the shoots shortened lateral branches. The compact crown is formed by shoots extending from an acute angle from the main trunk - this allows for a very dense planting of columnar trees on the ground.
Considering the columnar apple tree itself, the special structure of its structure immediately catches the eye. The tree of this variety does not have a pronounced crown to gardeners. It consists of a main, relatively thick stem that is covered with small short sprigs, at the ends of which, in spring, abundant inflorescences bloom.
Later, their literally covered with fruits of apples. Due to this structure of the tree structure, it has a small external size, and at the same time has a fairly high yield. Such a special property of these miracle trees, allows you to plant in your garden many different varieties of columnar apple, the shoots of which, by the way, grow exclusively vertically, and this deserved the name - "Kolonovidnye apple".
Colony-like signs of trees are very stable, therefore they are not bad transmitted traditional vegetative propagation. What will allow in a few years to acquire their own seedlings of these trees, and to plant them freely.
Merits
As the main advantage of fruit trees of the columnar apple, a very high specific yield of these varieties should be noted. That is, despite the external dimensions of each tree of the columnar apple, it gives a high yield. And also, having the structure of the structure described above, allows you to turn the collection of mature crops from the presentation of acrobatic tricks with a ladder, which are really dangerous for the gardener, into a pleasant pastime, while allowing you to enjoy the results of your work.
These fruit trees are distinguished from other varieties by the high taste qualities of the fruit, which makes it possible to use them in all possible processes of preparation and harvesting of apple fruits. In addition to the above properties of columnar apple trees, it is impossible to forget about their resistance to cold weather in the winter season and strong immunity to various pests and diseases.
All columnar trees are also a beautiful specimen for a square or a decorative park with which you can create lovely hedge or a wonderful alley.
disadvantages
If you look in detail, then absolutely all things on earth have both positive qualities and negative ones - the so-called flaws. But, considering specifically this variety of apple trees as columnar, it is worth paying attention to the fact that as such pronounced deficiencies in this type of apple trees and no. In addition to very minor, such as the mandatory need for high-quality fertilizer, both during planting and with further care, and the indisputable need for careful care.
Peculiarities of care
All trees, especially fruit, require love and care. It is necessary to care for any tree skillfully, knowing the peculiarity of its growth and development.
The peculiarities of care for the columnar apple should include a mandatory condition of normal soil moisture near the treeespecially after transplant. This implies that first two months after planting the seedlings, it is necessary to ensure that the soil around the near-stem zone of the tree does not dry out, occasionally moistening it. Humidification produced by systematic irrigation of growing seedlings two - three times a week.
In addition, to protect young, relatively recently planted trees, plant them preferably before winter in an artificial or natural trench filled with sawdust, fallen leaves or a significant layer of snow. This will not damage the tree to severe frosts and will protect against pests.
Before winter, namely in September, in order to suspend the growing season by winter and direct the vitality of the tree to strengthen and prepare for the winter cold, remove the topmost sheet.
As such, pruning, columnar apple is not required. Their growth is carried out in a natural way with the annual appearance of a new side branch in the uppermost part of the tree of their apical bud. Pruning can be done only for sanitary purposes in order to prevent the crown of the tree from thickening and tangling of the branches, as well as to rejuvenate the branches after 2-3 years of growth, provided that a large number of fruitful branches are formed.
The whole period of the warm season, the trees need feed potash phosphate fertilizers and do it monthly. You can fertilize these apples using urea, slurry and saltpeter, but only in small quantities so as not to burn the tree.
In the first years after disembarking, the columnar apple, especially the barren, grows long, as the nevyzrevshaya tip in winter freezes. To avoid this, it is necessary to use fertilizer. nitrogen fertilizer at a certain time and eliminate watering at the end of summer.
Landing features
The special conditions of planting its seedlings affect the characteristics of planting a tree of a columnar apple. The optimal time for planting seedlings of the columnar apple is considered the moment when the buds have not yet blossomed and the growing season has not started, and this is usually early spring.
Soil for planting a young tree should not be too wet or poor in nutrients. The pit for each particular sapling should be of such size as to provide complete freedom to the roots of the seedling. When placing a seedling in a hole, bending of the roots or their contact with the walls of the planting hole is not allowed. The grafting site of the seedling must necessarily be above the ground. Right in the planting hole, pour the soil dug out during its digging, mixed with 4-6 kg of humus or compost, and depending on the time of year, irrigate with a weak solution of urea with water.
It will not be superfluous to carry out mulching of the stitch zone of the ground surface. This process will save moisture in the ground. It is carried out with the help of various organic masses - for example, straw, leaves of other plants or needles.
Given all these features, you can without any special efforts to grow a beautiful, fruitful, orchard. And most importantly - if you take care of a tree, it will thank you very quickly for your love and care.
