Potatoes are the most demanded vegetable on the table of any Russian. In our country, the inhabitants call it the second bread. The demand of this root in our market greatly exceeds supply. In this niche of agricultural production there is always a place not only for large farms, but also for single farmers.
Growing potatoes is a process that affects the harvest. In order to get a high yield, it is necessary to adhere to the technology of growing potatoes. In this article we have tried to give the necessary information that will help you create favorable conditions for growing potatoes.
Features of industrial production technology
The industrial scale of the production of root crops require serious cash investments. Before starting a similar business, you need to make a plan consisting of the following actions:
- find and rent land of the required area;
- register the farm, having previously collected all the necessary documents;
- buy equipment for planting and harvesting;
- hire staff;
- purchase material for planting.
There are two ways to grow tubers for sale.:
- Winter cultivation in greenhouses.The profits from this method are larger, but the costs are increased by paying for electricity and heating.
- Growing potatoes in the summer time.
If you are a beginner entrepreneur, then the second method is much more preferable - the costs are minimal, simple farming techniques that do not require certain knowledge.
There is a certain technology, the observance of which guarantees success in this business.:
- buy seed and prepare it for planting;
- prepare a land plot;
- apply organic fertilizer;
- plant potatoes;
- hilling;
- process crops from parasites and pests;
- fertilization in the summer;
- harvest;
- preparation of vegetable store;
- sorting potatoes before storage and sale;
- sales;
- bookmark the storage of unsold products.
- Clean the soil from weeds, stones and debris, loosen using a cultivator. This is necessary in order not to mix the soil layers.
- To apply fertilizer - it is desirable to do this in stages, gradually saturating the earth with nutrients.
- If humus was introduced as fertilizer, the soil is re-cultivated.
- tractor - 900 thousand rubles;
- potato planter - 320 thousand rubles;
- potato digger - 430 thousand rubles;
- hiller - 300 thousand rubles;
- line for sorting - 410 thousand rubles.
- two machine operators;
- one mechanic;
- three guards;
- handymen who will help harvest in the amount of 10 people.
- potatoes just grow, do not need to have the skills and special knowledge;
- there is no seasonality in the demand for root vegetables, it is eaten year-round;
- in the first stage, you do not need to invest a lot of money in the business;
- quick payback - with the right approach, the first profit will be received at the end of the first season.
- implementation - if you sell potatoes to wholesalers, then its cost will be small;
- seasonality - potatoes can be grown only in the summer, but you can sell year-round;
- an irrigation system is needed to eliminate the risk of crop loss due to drought;
- constant processing of fields from pests and parasites.
- land lease within 200 thousand rubles;
- purchase of planting material - 300 thousand rubles, if we assume that 10 hectares of land will be planted;
- fertilizers - 100 thousand rubles;
- questions about the organization - 100 thousand rubles;
- purchase of equipment - 2.5 million rubles;
- construction of vegetable store - 2 million rubles.
- land acquisition - 50 000 rubles;
- equipment - 970,000 rubles;
- fertilizers and seeds - 42,000 rubles;
- paperwork - 15 000 rubles;
- Fuel and lubricants - 10,000 rubles;
- warehouses for rent - 30,000 rubles.
- utility payments - 25 000 rubles;
- rental of premises - 30 000 rubles;
- taxes - 20 000 rubles;
- payment to staff - 100,000 rubles;
- depreciation of equipment - 15,000 rubles;
- Fuel and lubricants - 10,000 rubles;
- unforeseen expenses - 10 000 rubles.
As you can see, the growing technology is quite simple and everyone can handle it.
Land
Experts claim that for growing potatoes on an industrial scale, it is enough to have a land area of 300 hectares. But studies have shown that in order to obtain a stable profit from a good harvest, these areas will be small.
In order to get consistently high yield, the land must be well prepared before planting potatoes. The most optimal time for this is the end of September, the beginning of October:
Planting material
To obtain a large crop, you should prepare a good quality planting material - tubers without defects clean, even, medium size. For planting in the middle lane, it is better to prefer early-ripening and mid-ripening varieties so that the tubers can mature in a short summer.
In the fall, seed potatoes need to be “greened”, leaving them in the light for three weeks.. This process can significantly increase the quality of planting material, increasing the resistance of potatoes to rotting.
After that, the tubers are removed for storage in a dark, cool place until spring. A month before laying the planting material in the ground, it is transferred to a warm place for germination.
Equipment
To make the landing process as optimized as possible, purchase the following equipment:
In addition, you will need a special room in which this equipment will be stored in the winter - dry and well ventilated.
Vegetable store
A room that will help save the tubers until spring with minimal losses. It is worth noting that in spring time the cost of the second bread increases almost three times. The equipment of this room will take about two million rubles.
Staff
The work of growing potatoes without delay will require the help of workers.:
Cost price
Before you create a potato business, you need to assess how profitable the enterprise will be., and for this estimate the cost of the process. Determine how much money you have to spend on the purchase of equipment, planting material, payment for staff and so on.
Cost of equipment for work with seed miniclub
This is a unique installation that can be operated both outdoors and indoors. It is intended to produce a large number of mini-tubers from a single plant.
If you use the installation in the spring-summer period, then energy costs are significantly reduced, since the production does not require artificial lighting. The cost of this equipment is 180 thousand rubles.
Tuber costs
The cost of planting tubers varies from 8 to 30 rubles per kilogram, depending on the season of purchase. So if you buy tubers in the spring, their price will be the maximum.
But to make a purchase in the fall is impractical because it is unclear how they will be stored in the winter.Therefore, for calculations it is better to take the average price - 25 rubles.
To avoid large consumption of planting material, large and medium-sized tubers are cut into pieces weighing 40-50 g each, so that each share has 2-3 sprouts. In the years of a warm, not very damp spring, the harvest from them is not lower than from whole tubers of about the same mass.
Buying or renting land
This is one of the important stages in creating a business on growing potatoes. On the average weaving of land costs 5 thousand rubles.. If we take to the calculation that we need 0.3 hectares, then the investment will be equal to 80 thousand rubles. But at the first stage, mono is not to spend money, but to rent land for 49 years from municipal organizations.
If we consider that such an area will be allocated somewhere in rural areas, the cost will not be high. As soon as the business will be established, and will begin to bring a steady profit, it will be possible to think about acquiring a land plot in the property.
Profitability
Potato production for sale - a profitable and relevant business. In our country, it is eaten daily. The advantages of this business are:
Minuses:
Is it profitable to grow for sale?
Consider the costs of starting a business selling potatoes.:
If we consider that a farm is being created for the industrial production of potatoes with a land area of 10 hectares, then the investments will amount to 5.2 million rubles.
If we assume that from 10 hectares in a productive year you can collect 250 tons of tubers, then we can assume that the profit in one season will amount to 10 million rubles. We subtract from this amount the initial capital of 5.2 million and monthly expenses of 864,000 rubles, then the net profit in the season will be 3.936 million rubles.
The amount of investment is considerable, so it is better to start with smaller territoriesand then expand your business.
Production project per 1 ha in Russia
Before you begin to implement the project, you need to make a business plan, which should be detailed. This will help not only calculate the amount needed to start a business, but also allow you to calculate the approximate profit from the company. In addition, you need to understand how much money you have to spend on monthly expenses.
First we calculate one-time investments:
From the calculation it is clear that at the first stage we will need 1,117 million rubles.
Now let's calculate the monthly costs of doing business.:
So - the cost of production will amount to 216,000 rubles a month.
The next step is to calculate the possible profit.. With an average yield from this area, it is possible to collect 25 tons of potatoes, naturally, not all of them will be suitable for sale, 2.5 tons of tubers will be culled in the aisles of 2.5 tons. You can implement 22.5 tons.
Let's say we will sell the crop at retail at a price of 40 rubles per kg. The result will be that we sell potatoes for 900 thousand. Net profit of 252,000 rubles. Over time, you can expand production and thereby increase net profit.
Conclusion
If you decide to start a potato growing business, then you need to approach this issue rationally.. Do not run to the bank for millions of loans, start small. Rent half a hectare of land and try your hand at this business. Make a profit - expand your business.The business of growing potatoes is laborious, but profitable and you can gradually reach large areas.
