Pear "Beauty Chernenko": characteristics, pros and cons

Among the wide variety of pears, the most noticeable variety "Russian beauty". Its productivity, unpretentiousness and resistance to diseases are especially attractive to gardeners and summer residents. A fragrant, juicy and sweet fruit pears will find application in all sectors of the food industry.

Breeding history

The variety "Russian Beauty" was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants (VNIIGiSPR) named after I. Michurin under the guidance of the outstanding breeder Semen Fedorovich Chernenko. As a result of the crossing of Bere Ardanpon (Ferdinant) and Daughter Blancova varieties, a new pear variety was created, named after its creator, Beauty Chernenko.

Included in the State Register of breeding achievements of Russia and zoned in the Central region since 1996.

Despite regionalization, the pear “Beauty Chernenko” is widespread in the territories of the North Caucasus, the Lower Volga region, Ukraine, Belarus, the countries of Transnistria and Central Asia.

Tree description

The description of the Russian Beauty pear is not significantly different from other pear varieties, but it has some characteristic features.

Tree:

• strong-growth (5 m in height);
• crown shape is narrow, elongated, conical.

Bark:

• brown with a chocolate tint;
• flat and smooth.

Shoots:

• brown-red color;
• sparse;
• smooth, slightly articulated. On branches there are numerous small formations (lentils); growth of the top directivity.

Kidney:

• large and voluminous;
• clinging to the shoots;
• cone-shaped.

Leaves:

• dark green color;
• wide with a wedge-shaped base;
• slightly concave as a result of the developed central vein;
• elongated, with small notches on the edges.

Fruit Description

The fruit is tightly attached to a thick, long and curved stem.

To characterize the fruit of the pear can be as follows:

• shape - large, elongated, pear-shaped, with a characteristic tuberosity;
• color - uniform green, with a slight blurry reddish blush. At the onset of removable maturity, the color changes to yellow, with a bright burgundy blush;
• skin is dense, with a small wax coating;
• the pulp is whitish, juicy, not dense;
• seeds - elongated, small, brown;
• the taste is sweet, slightly sour, without astringency.

The weight of fruits can vary in the range from 160 to 250 g and depends on the availability and quality of agrotechnical methods (spring pruning).

Lighting Requirements

"Russian Beauty" prefers protected from the wind, well-clarified and sunny areas. The southern, southwestern and southeastern areas will be suitable for planting.

In order to avoid shading, it is necessary to avoid close growth and keep at least 4 m when planting.

Soil requirements

"Russian Beauty" prefers to grow in light and loose soils. Will positively affect the development of the tree and clay content in the soil, it will contribute to moderate retention and absorption of moisture.

Preference is given to weakly acid soils (pH 5.7-6). Such growing weeds, such as: mint, plantain, horsetail, pikulnik, heather, buttercups, may indicate a high acidity of the soil.

Lower high acidity will help making lime. The calculation of lime applied depends on the degree of acidity of the soil (measured by a garden litmus test).

Periodic loosening of the soil around the perimeter of the growth of the root system will help improve the permeability of the soil and will contribute to the proper exchange of moisture.

Pollination

Pear "Russian Beauty" is self-bearing and does not require pollinators for fruiting. But to achieve maximum yield, as additional pollinators, you can land near medium flowering varieties: "Muscovite", "Bere Moskovskaya", "Lada Amur", "Favorite Yakovlev".

Fruiting

The life span of a pear can reach 50 years, the period of active fruiting is from 15 to 30 years and depends on the quality and regular care.

Full fruiting comes 6-8 year of life.

Flowering period

Blossom "Beauty Chernenko" accounts for the period The end of May is the beginning of June. On different parts of the tree, the bud of flower buds comes at different times. So, first the flowering begins on short fruit branches (kolchatka), then on the accessory ones to the bearing branch (spears) and, finally, flowering begins on all annual shoots.

Depending on the climatic conditions, the flowering time may vary.

Gestation period

The removable maturity of pear "Beauty Chernenko" falls on end of August - the beginning of September. About the onset of maturity shows yellowing color of the fruit. The rental period lasts 5-7 days.

Harvesting ripe harvest begins with the outer lower branches with a gradual increase, and then deepening to the center. Such an approach will protect the lower fruits from damage by the drop from the upper branches.

To separate the fruit stem of a pear from a branch, it is necessary to gradually bend it with the upward direction and avoid sharp separation with sharp jerks to the bottom. To avoid damage and maintain a high degree of keeping quality, for harvesting it will be more profitable to use special fruit collecting bags.

Caution: Strong finger pressure on the pear can cause darkening and the presence of dark spots on the fruit.

Yield

The main advantage Pear "Beauty Chernenko" is its high yield, increasing with the maturity of the tree.

Regular annual fertilizing with mineral fertilizers (potash, phosphate, nitrogen) will help to keep the yield indicators at a high level.

Mineral fertilizers, as a rule, are used and introduced as solutions or, in wet seasons, they are poured directly into the ground.

Transportability and storage

Fruit well tolerated transportation. Assessment is an average indicator, since the pear is ripe, the softer it is and the more prone to defects.

It is necessary to store pears in dark cool rooms. Favorable temperature for storage is from 0 ° C to +3 ° C. Storage time depends on the temperature of the room and fluctuates in the range of 1.5-2 months.

In order to maximize the time and to preserve the fruits as much as possible, when packing the crop in tare (better if it is wooden / wicker boxes), pear layers can be poured with a layer of dry sawdust or hay.

For optimal long-term storage, an important step will also be sorting pears Pears without signs of any diseases with a whole stalk and smooth skin are subject to the longest preservation.

Fruits with some defects are not long-term preserved and should be used first.

Resistance to environmental conditions and diseases

Research and agricultural observations have shown that this variety resistant to spring frosts and is able to recover quickly (branches and flowers). The tree also tolerates a small and short-lived drought, but this affects the taste and quality of the fruit.

The lack of nutrients in the soil will affect the development of the tree and fruit, but is not detrimental to its viability.

Despite the high resistance of the variety to various diseases, the tendency to them persists. Diseases develop only in conditions of high humidity (rainy summer) or from an oversupply of watering.

For "Russian Beauty" are typical of these diseases:

• powdery mildew - manifested by the appearance of a gray bloom on fruits and shoots, with time the bloom forms many black dots;
• brown spot - manifested by the appearance of large, gradually increasing, brown spots;
• fruit rot - is manifested by the appearance of rapidly spreading dark spots with gray-cream dots in the center.

In order to prevent and combat it is necessary to use drugs of fungicidal action ("Horus", Bordeaux mixture, Bordeaux liquid).

The variety is resistant to all sorts of pests, but, like any fruit tree, it can be attractive to the pear sawfly, the brown fruit mite, the pear sucker, the midge. Such insecticides as "Zolon", "Metation", "Nexin" are suitable for pest control.

Drought tolerance

Variety "Beauty Chernenko" does not apply to drought-resistant fruit trees and prefers regular watering in the spring-summer season - at least 5 waterings per season. In especially dry seasons the number of waterings to increase.

When watering, sprinkling is the most favorable method, in which not only the near part of the tree is watered, but also the upper part of the crown (imitation of rain).

At high humidity of weather conditions it is not necessary to carry out additional watering. Due to excess moisture, the fruit can be deformed and cracked.

Winter hardiness

Pear "Russian Beauty" is not resistant to low temperatures and requires additional techniques for wintering.

To protect the root system, warming of the trunk circle with a thick layer of mulch (sawdust, hay, compost) will help. The trunk can be protected by wrapping it with any non-woven material (for example, roofing material). The abundance of snow regularly stalked to the trunk is also will increase resistance to frost.

Use of fruits

Due to their high palatability, pears are the most relevant and useful for eating unchanged: fresh, dried or canned. But despite this, the fruits are widely used in cooking as candied fruits, compotes, jams, jams, jam, marshmallows, juices, kvass.

Also added as an additional ingredient in various meat dishes, salads, desserts or alcoholic beverages.

The content of nutrients and vitamins makes pear a frequent component in cosmetology as additives in masks, creams, tonics.

Advantages and disadvantages

"Beauty Chernenko" - hybrid variety. Hybrids become the result of crossing, are displayed to achieve certain parameters. The virtues that are grown up in such a way are redistributed equally with disadvantages.

pros

The "pluses" include:

• fast growth;
• tasty fruits;
• self-fertility;
• unpretentious care;
• high yield;
• disease resistance.

Minuses

The "minuses" include:

• tall;

• the need for constant crown formation;
• fragility of wood, susceptibility to breaking branches;
• low winter hardiness;
• late fruiting;
• non-one-dimension fruit.
  Did you know? The growth of new branches in the "Russian Beauty" can reach 1 m per year.
  Pear "Beauty Chernenko" - quite a popular variety grown in the middle lane. Despite the simplicity, cultivation requires compliance with some features. And to achieve maximum yield, a number of agricultural practices are required. The variety has some drawbacks and is grown mainly by amateurs. The main advantage of "Russian Beauty" can rightly be called high taste of fruits.