Variety of pears "Century": characteristics, pros and cons

Pear is one of the leading fruit crops.

Today, an important factor in growing this tree is resistance to cold and disease.

Just such a variety is the pear tree "Century".

After reading the description of the care of this tree, you can achieve greater yields on your garden plot.

Inference history

A pear is a fruit that grows on fruit and ornamental trees, as well as on shrubs of the Pink family. In the late 1980s of the 19th century, a special variety was bred by hybridization, which was given the name "Century". Description of the tree and its fruits is not much different from the usual.

Scientists of the Ural Research Institute combined the selective seedling of the Ussuri pear No. 41-16-1 and the elite seedling of the culture pear No. 143. The breeder group was led by Ericht Falkenberg, who studied this plant for 23 years: from 1984 to 2007. This fruit grows in the Urals and Siberia.

Tree description

Pear varieties "Century" is srednerosly and winter-hardy tree. It has a rounded crown. It is also resistant to diseases and has a deep root system. In this regard, it is not necessary to plant a tree close to groundwater. The height of the trunk can reach 6 m, and the diameter of the crown - 5 m. Dense wood has a thin structure and growth rings. On the branches grow leaves ovate, which are arranged in a spiral in several rows. A characteristic feature is that each subsequent sheet deviates from the previous one by 45 degrees.

The pear tree will begin to bear fruit 4 years after planting. This variety is characterized by positive yield dynamics and bears fruit each subsequent year.

Fruit Description

Fruits of the correct pear-shaped form have yellow color and an intensive flush laterally. The fruit reaches a large size, and its weight can be 260-400 g. Inside the pear consists of white pulp, with a juicy texture, sweet and sour taste and a pronounced pleasant aroma.

Lighting Requirements

Since the pear is a light-loving tree, when planting it is necessary to calculate its location on the site so that subsequently the shadow of adjacent buildings or other structures does not fall on it. An insufficient amount of sunlight can lead to lower yields, as well as to the emergence of uneven tiers of branches and leaves at the top of the tree. Accordingly, the lighting has a direct effect on the shape of the crown and the nature of growth.

In the period of flowering and the formation of new fruit, the pear tree needs the maximum amount of sunlight, since it is at this time that the plant begins to bear fruit and absorb all the useful substances. The lack of coverage can lead not only to the underdevelopment of flower buds, but also to defects in the structure of the crown.

Soil requirements

The quality of the soil on which the pear grows directly affects the dynamics of growth and productivity of the tree. If it is necessary to retain 30% moisture, it must be fertile and structural. As for clay and loamy soil, it has a large capacity for the absorption of precipitation. So, when fertilizers are applied, the concentration of the soil solution remains almost unchanged.

It should also be noted that sandy and sandy loam soils have a poor absorption capacity. The application of large amounts of fertilizers will lead to the leaching of nutrients. In such a soil fertilizing is necessary to make portions. With the normal growth of the roots of a pear, it is reconciled with soils of any kind, not counting sandy and rubbly. But It should be noted that the degree of softness, taste and flavor of the fruit depends on the choice of soil.

Sometimes the fruit has a dry flesh, a bitter-sour taste and a reduction in shelf life. This indicates that the tree grows in sandy soil. It is logical to say that planting a plant should not be planted on a stony ground.The dynamics of growth and frequency of fruiting has a benign effect of the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers. They need to be made in hot dry weather, while ensuring regular irrigation.

Pollination

Since the pear is a cross-pollinated crop, over time, it develops the worst seeds and increases the number of cases of emptying. In the climatic zone of pear growth "Century" cross-pollination by using insects such as bees.

To improve the yield of pears, it is necessary to attract the necessary insects to your plot. In order to increase the activity of bees, it is necessary to remove barriers for the spread of the aroma of pear flowers, so that the insect can reach nectar without hindrance.

For luring bees use top dressing. To prepare it, you need to dissolve 1 kg of sugar in 1 liter of boiled water. Then cool the resulting syrup to 30 degrees and add a pear flower to it. Give the dressing to infuse for 6 hours and in the morning a la carte it near the tree,to which it is necessary to attract pollinating insects. You can also make special houses for insects and hang them around the perimeter of the garden.

Fruiting

The plant has a good degree of precociousness, however, the first appearance of the fruit on the tree will occur 4 years after planting the tree and will subsequently bear fruit annually.

Gestation period

Since the pear of the variety "Century" is a tree of the autumn ripening period, it is possible to prepare for the harvesting process in early September. The shelf life of freshly picked fruit reaches a month.

The duration of the ripening period is about 6-10 days. It depends on the weather conditions in the area where the tree grows. So, when the summer is dry, the fruit will ripen faster, and in cold weather, on the contrary, slower. After this period, the remaining fruits on the trees are peeling and rotting, if they are not removed in a timely manner.

Yield

The yield of a single pear tree can reach 150 kg.And taking into account the frequency of fruiting, an annual yield of 200 c / ha can be achieved. Sometimes the branches of a tree break under the weight of growing fruits. To avoid this phenomenon, it is necessary to put special facilities that will support the branches with fruit. Thus, the fruit will be able to ripen. You can also tie up skeletal branches with wire.

Transportability and storage

Although harvesting seems simple enough, there are a number of features related to its transportation and storage. So, the fruits should be collected in cool weather and in the absence of rain. It is necessary to begin with the lower tier of the tree.

You should be careful when choosing the crumpled fruits, and you also need to pick a pear along with the stem, so as not to shorten its shelf life. It is not necessary to wipe the natural protective wax from the fruit, as well as pour the harvest more than once.

For harvesting from a remote treetops, it is advisable to use a stepladder and special tools to pick fruits from the tree. The shelf life of freshly picked pears is 1 month.If you put the fruit in the refrigerator, then at a temperature of 0-1 degrees it will lie up to 6 months, without losing its taste properties. The room intended for storing the crop must be ventilated and sanitized.

Disease and Pest Resistance

The following problems when growing pears are very common:

• Scab is a disease as a result of which small spots appear on the leaves of the tree, gradually increasing in size. The elimination of this problem is complicated if the trees are located close to each other, as this impairs the ventilation process. Also, this disease affects not only the leaves, but also the fruits themselves, leaving stains and cracks on them. To prevent the appearance of scab, it is necessary to spray the tree and the adjacent land with a 7% urea solution.
• The gall mite is a dangerous pest for plants. It can significantly slow down the development of the tree, which will reduce the number of new shoots and, consequently, lead to a reduction in yield. To prevent the appearance of these insects, it is necessary to treat the tree with a chemical solution or give it a special injection.
• Rust. This disease is characterized by damage to the foliage, painting it orange. This phenomenon adversely affects the resistance of the tree to all diseases. The cause of this disease can be growing junipers in the garden, which are carriers of this disease. For the purposes of prevention, it is necessary to process the tree with biological and chemical preparations during flowering.
• Mealy dew, as a rule, infects young leaves and shoots, covering them with white bloom and preventing further development. Thus, the affected area of ​​the tree is deformed and dries.

However, pears of this variety are characterized by resistance to scab, bacterial burn and pear gall mites.

Frost resistance

Since the variety "Century" was bred on the border of the Urals and Siberia, it is characterized by sufficient resistance to frost. Since the temperature in this area can reach 15 degrees below zero, the plant is adapted to climatic conditions.High regenerative capacity ensures the survival of the kidneys during the frosty period. At the present stage of development of the fruit and berry industry, research is being conducted aimed at studying the frost resistance of the root system of trees under controlled conditions.

Use of fruits

Since pears contain vitamins of groups A, B, C, E, K, its use is very useful for the human body. The fruit is saturated with biologically active substances and contains iron, potassium, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and sodium. It is also dominated by fiber, which can ensure the normal functioning of the human body.

Thus, the fruits can be eaten not only raw, but also boiled compote and jam from pears, make jam and candied fruits, subsequently using them as food. In folk medicine, this fruit is used as a remedy for constipation and prostatitis.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of a pear, of course, include not only its beneficial nutritional properties for the body, but also simple growing conditions.Good root system and frost resistance make it possible to regularly harvest. The disadvantage is the self-infertility of this variety. This phenomenon involves planting an efficient pollinator in the garden.

pros

• Frost resistance
• High yield.
• Disease resistance.
• Taste qualities.
• Long shelf life.

Minuses

• The first harvest will appear only 4 years after planting the tree.
• The dependence of fruiting weather conditions.
• The impossibility of self-pollination.

Pear has always been of particular interest to gardeners. And with proper care, it can bear good fruit. It is necessary to choose the location of the plant, provide him with watering, make the necessary fertilizers and, as a result, harvest.