What is soil cultivation: how to cultivate the land

The maintenance of the garden or cottage is associated with a large number of different agrotechnical techniques. Some of them are used in "manual mode", while more efficient methods are associated with the use of special equipment. In large areas, universal methods are used that cover several ground operations at once. We learn what cultivation is and how it is useful for the earth.

What is this method of tillage

This is one of the most popular processing methods. It provides for plowing without turning the reservoir, while the moistened lower layer is not brought to the surface.

When passes of different depths, loosening, crumbling, as well as slight mixing of the upper portion is provided. If you look at the field after such an operation, then visually it seems that it has leveled off. In addition, the rhizomes of weeds are cut in this way. Yes, and for embedding herbicides or fertilizers on large sites, the technique of mine-free driving is indispensable.

This method has other advantages:

• when moving the upper layer without its further blade, moisture is better retained;
• air access is improved;
• with little movement, beneficial microorganisms are activated that feed the soil;
• the earth warms faster, which saves time (this is especially true in early spring).

As a result, the seeds germinate without much difficulty.

Varieties of cultivation

At different stages of plant growth, equally different types of processing are used, the technology for which is significantly different. Let's start with the most frequent admission.

Interrow

This operation, as the name indicates, is aimed at working between the lines of the planted crops. This is one of the main elements of productive processing, which is used on crops of potatoes, beets, vegetables and corn.

There are no special requirements for interrow "penetration", such cultivation is carried out as the stands grow, and the number of treatments is determined by necessity.If weeds grow too actively, the soil is also heavily compacted - the treatment is carried out more often than on clean loose soil (at a depth of 14 cm instead of the usual 12). It can be combined with fertilizing or laying pesticides, cutting irrigation holes and caring for potatoes. In regions with wet soils, cultivation when working with root vegetables is traditionally combined with hilling.

Solid

From the side it looks simple - the unit goes through the whole area. Used for the treatment of clean steam or areas reserved for plowing. Therefore, this cultivation is also known as pre-sowing.

In the spring, a layer of soil is loosened, compacted over the winter, thereby providing "drainage" and air circulation. The first approach is made shallow - about 6-16 cm. The specific figure depends on the state of the earth: they take deeper on fast-drying fields. Work with clean steam is carried out at depths of up to 12 cm; with repeated passes, the ripper is exposed to a maximum of 6 cm.

Immediately before sowing, the depth is taken at the level of the occurrence of seeds (note that the soil will give a slight subsidence). When planning furrow seeding, the "paws" deepen by another 2-3 cm.

Both of these techniques seem not so difficult, but their use is associated with a number of nuances that should be considered separately.

What they do and what the quality depends on

Let's start with the "props". Depending on the type of treatment and the area of ​​the site, the following types of cultivators can be used:

• Hand held There are rotational and loosening. The first ones are a shaft with small-diameter star disks, which is attached to the handle. Convenient for processing high beds with cucumbers and hilling potatoes. Loosening - the same handles, but already with teeth pointed at the edges (there can be 3 or 5). They are used in "cramped" conditions (greenhouses or when densely set up rows);

• Motor-cultivators and motor-blocks of different power. Products of low (up to 3 hp.), Medium (3-6 hp.) And high power are sold. The most "strong" units are equipped with motors of 6-10 "horses."All of them differ in weight and functionality (the higher the power - the greater the depth and wider the grip of the "paws"). Ideal for a large garden, and a set of attachments makes them indispensable in the economy;

• Mounted mechanisms for tractors. This is for the farmer in a big way. Such units are the most versatile and productive, but at the same time require frequent maintenance and adjustment. Tillage mechanisms are used for inter-row passes, while spring cultivation of the steam soil with a simple tractor is carried out with the participation of a special steam “canopy”.

Before processing, all working units (plates, feet, springs, discs) are checked.

We have already talked about the "working" depths, which are oriented, preparing the ripper. These tolerances are always maintained, as confirmed by any agronomist. But it’s unrealistic to achieve perfect accuracy in the field, so a one-centimeter “indent” is permitted.When selecting settings, factors such as the condition of the soil and the pressure on the working element (tooth or "paw") are also taken into account. The more weight falls on such parts, the greater will be the depth.

Really high-quality cultivation of large arrays also implies the right choice of direction. So, the first seasonal plowing is always done across the previous ones (or at least at an angle), and the pre-sowing should not coincide with the direction of the crops.

Much depends on the qualifications of the tractor - his chosen method of movement of the trailer mechanism partly "lays the foundation" for the future harvest.

Experienced drivers at the first continuous passage are driven by a shuttle method - the field is divided into pens, and each is passed separately, intermediate patches are processed in the last turn.

Many people choose a more complex diagonal cross mode.It is suitable for large flat fields, on which there are no special obstacles. Mechanisms with a very wide grip start with overlapping ("squares" at the same time overlap each other).

As you can see, here too there are subtleties that the farmer has to keep in mind. The owners of a dacha or an impressive vegetable garden are more often interested in something else - how is the correct cultivation of a plot done with a conventional walk-behind tractor.

Tillage

This unit helps out in the spring, when the earth is tightly “rammed”, and you still need to loosen the plot. The algorithm will be as follows:

1. First cutters are installed. To do this, you have to remove the shipping wheels. Two sets are mounted at once (one for each side). The cutting parts are guided forward as the machine advances. Please note that the working area of ​​the knife should not be too sharp (because of this, the block simply “closes”, cutting the ground);
2. An earring is inserted into the eyelet, which will hold the vomer;
3. The opener itself is placed on the shackle through the sleeve, and for reliability it is attached with a cotter pin.On the opener there are several holes, each of which is "responsible" for a certain depth. In most cases, the second is used below (about 20 cm). If necessary, the position is changed (going deep or taking higher);
4. After installation, it is advisable to make a control "run" to make sure that the settings are correct;
5. Processing is carried out on the second (enhanced) transfer, in this mode, the cutters come with a large number of revolutions. For loosening - the very thing;
6. To prevent the machine from "burrowing", keep high revs and do not press the steering wheel downwards beyond force. Pushing the block is also not worth it: if the normal depth is “caught” and the ground has already dried up, it does not require additional assistance;
7. Having passed the first strip, be sure to check the depth and quality of cultivation. Released to the surface layer must be crushed;
8. The next line is drawn so that the milling cutter follows the line left by the coulter. Otherwise, untouched "bald patches" will be visible on the site.

It happens that a serviceable walker simply "does not go." This is typical for complex soils. In such cases, the coulter is set higher (to a depth of 10 cm), and the first penetration is done with this setting. The second approach is taken with more in-depth cutters. Current work in the aisle carried out in the same modes. Differences only in the depth and attachments (instead of cutters, flat-cutters or disc harrows are installed). All this “farm” will have to be set to the required width in order not to damage the crops. Naturally, such kits should be designed for a specific model of the unit.

We learned what cultivation is connected with and how it is carried out at various sites. We hope this data will help determine the most appropriate processing method. Greater yields to you!