For those who cultivate the land and harvest it, the various bugs, moths, butterflies and caterpillars do not arouse affection, admiration for the creation of nature or any romantic associations. Insects in the beds or in the field - a threat to crops and crops, which means - enemies.
Here it is important to know the adversary, as they say, in person: understand who exactly is threatening and how to deal with it.
- Pest description
- What is the danger?
- Signs of rapeseed tsieroeda
- Methods of control and prevention
- How to prevent?
- How to get rid?
Malicious bugs are very beautiful and cause admiring sighs, while being a formidable enemy, capable of causing considerable damage. For example, brilliant rapeseed, better known under the name "rapeseed flower eater". This article is devoted to this hero and fight with him.
Pest description
Rapeseed flower beetle refers to the glistening beetles of the beetle order. According to its malignancy, it shares the first place with the cruciferous flea.
The larva of rapeseed tsimoeda is light gray and covered with black warts. It has a brown head and three pairs of legs.
The adult beetle is painted black with a metallic bluish or greenish hue.The legs are brown in color. Sizes range from 1.5 to 2.5 cm. The pest overwinters in the soil, and when the air warms up to 11 ° C, it is selected outside. The insect is quite resistant to cold, and over the summer the flower beetle can produce 2, and in the southern lands - and all 3 generations.
As the first victims, he chooses early-flowering plants, or rather, only their inflorescences. Both beetles and larvae prefer flowers in the budding stage, devouring all their elements, moving as the buds form to other plants.
Shinyak is eaten by cruciferous flowers - cultivated and weeds, preferring, as the name implies, rapeseed.
Rapeseed flower beetle is found almost everywhere: in Europe, Asia, Africa, North America.
Approximately in April the female of the pest lays eggs on winter crops, gnawing in the bud. After 2 weeks, the larvae appear, which after a week go into the ground and pupate there. The new generation is ripening by July. Larvae are able to develop only in the flowers of cruciferous plants, which are otherwise called cabbage cultures.
The development of tsvetkoeda occurs in one generation. New generation, appearing by July, is scattered in search of food in order to gain fat and weight, to winter and gain strength to devour the harvest of the next year.
What is the danger?
The harmfulness of the rapeseed flower beetle is that it damages the cruciferous buds, causing damage to the seed material. Even if the flower develops further, the seeds in it will be deformed and unfit for use.
The degree of damage to the plant depends on the phase of its development. Beetle-beaten bud will suffer more than a full-blown flower. Harvesting culture is very difficult irregularly completed flowering.
Conducting a hidden lifestyle, the tsvetogoy sneaks into the bud, eating holes in it. His further "feast" is not limited to devouring pollen, he eats the ovary, and after - sepals and stalks. Bud turns yellow, dries and falls.
If the larvae are not very many, they inflict relatively small harm to peduncles compared to adult beetles. But if the larvae in the bud are not less than 5, they eat away not only the pollen, but also everything that is inside the flower, and then settle on the adjacent buds. Having dealt with them, gluttonous larvae are taken for escapes and young pods. Cruciferous cultures, devouring which, the insect does damage:
- rape;
- cabbage;
- radish;
- mustard;
- radish;
- watercress;
- horseradish;
- daikon;
- turnip
- apple blossom;
- cherry color;
- sugar beet;
- poppy;
- buttercup;
- umbrella;
- asteraceae and others.
Signs of rapeseed tsieroeda
Signs of damage to crops with rapeseed are similar to signs of wilted buds for physiological reasons due to stress conditions:
- temperature too high;
- lack of moisture;
- nutritional deficiencies.
It is easy to distinguish the causes of wilting: withering plants have a stem length of not more than 1 cm, and it is thin. If the stem is well developed and has grown above 1 cm, and the buds fall away - it is you who are honored by the presence of rapeseed flower beetle, which is already treated, eating the contents of the buds. There are methods for calculating the extent of damage to seedlings by the beetle and other insects based on the statistical method.
Methods of control and prevention
Rapeseed flower beetle is a serious pest that causes damage to agriculture on all continents. There are a number of means to combat it, and new, more effective ones are being developed.
At the moment, the most effective is an integrated approach that provides the most reliable protection.
The following methods of combating complement each other, is a system of protection with rapeseed glitter. Natural regulatory factors enter into combat with the pest first, and when the threshold of harm comes, chemical methods are added to ensure success. The latter should be applied taking into account environmental and economic standards.
When developing a plant protection strategy, consider:
- population size;
- the time when the pest appeared;
- phase of seedling development;
- plant density
How to prevent?
It has long been known that prevention will be easier and cheaper than treatment. Prevention measures against rapeseed flower beetle:
- spring - careful removal of weeds, with which the pest can start its spring activity;
- in the autumn - cleaning of the vegetation cover, which can be used as a shelter for winter;
- compliance with the rules and technologies when carrying out agrotechnical works;
- maximum early sowing of seeds in order to outrun the time of egg laying in buds with early flowering;
- constant soil loosening near the cruciferous plants, which will interfere with the process of pupation of the larvae;
- spraying on time with special formulations.
How to get rid?
Effective chemical way to get rid of the pest. When it is discovered that the field or vegetable garden is infected with rapeseed flower beetle, chemical treatment is used. Efficiency is recognized for:
- pyretoids;
- neonicotinoids;
- organophosphorus compounds;
- insecticides.
- aphid;
- rapeseed leaf beetle;
- rapeseed sawfly and others.
In a small area, not too infected with a bug, you can use the mechanical method, collecting insects by hand. Better to do it in the morning. There are biological methods of struggle, implying the attraction of natural enemies of the sparkle - entomophages, which are:
- spiders;
- takhin;
- ground beetle;
- softness;
- tsenellid;
- staphylanide and others.
Other, alternative methods of dealing with a beautiful but harmful beetle continue to be developed and tested. There is no doubt that the rapeseed flower beetle is a serious and formidable opponent, a loss in the fight against which can cost the crop. However, there are ways to influence it, and they are quite effective, especially if these measures are applied in combination. Armed with knowledge, every farmer is able to resist a brilliant pest.