Planting and care of grapes "Memory of the surgeon" in the country

Sweet gentle grapes of the memory of the surgeon, despite the small clusters and home origin, adequately compete among the early varieties. In addition, winegrowers appreciate in him a high resistance to cold, disease and parasites. What is this variety, how to grow its vine in its own garden and what to do to collect good crops annually - we will tell about all this later in the article.

Breeding history

Table grapes "in memory of the surgeon" was obtained as a result of crossing varieties "Talisman" and "Nistru." Its author is the Russian amateur breeder Yevgeny Pavlovsky, who at home managed to bring out more than fifty unique grape varieties. But, despite their dignity, the top of the entire breeding work of the grower went exactly to the “Memory of the Surgeon”.

It is this variety that has been recognized by professionals for its high taste, frost resistance and fearlessness in front of attacks of pests, pathogenic microbes and fungi.

The only "inconvenient" feature of the species is its thermophilicity, which does not allow the vine to develop in the northern regions.

From the variety “Nistru” “In memory of the surgeon” inherited a delicate scarlet blush of fruits and small size, and from the “Talisman” - the ability to quickly adapt to new conditions and early maturity.

Description and distinctive characteristics

The grapes in the memory of the surgeon are valued for early ripening, ease of care, improved taste and high immunity, which is evident from the description of the variety, photos and consumer reviews. The bush stands out in the vineyard with a strong, vigorous, vigorous, easily rooted and rapidly growing vine. The first inflorescences on the plant appear in early June. It is characteristic that there are bisexual flowers in the tassels.

When pollination of them ripen round berries of medium size. Each weighs about 8-15 g. They look very appetizing. Top covered with not thick white skin with a blurry scarlet blush.

In sunny areas, berries often get rich pink coloring. Inside the juicy fleshy flesh with medium density and a pleasant sweet taste with a light acidity. It has subtle notes of strawberry and tea rose. In total, the fruits consist of 22 percent of sugars, and the acidity was found 8 g / l.

When eating, skin and tissue fibers are not felt. Berries form cylindrical clusters that weigh about half a kilogram.

The variety is distinguished by brown sprouts, which are dark-purple nodes.The foliage is medium in size, dark green, three-fingered. The yield of the Surgeon’s Memory does not break records, on average, one cluster is formed on one fruitful sprout. But this nuance is compensated by high commodity, immune and cold-resistant qualities. Mature plants can easily survive 20-degree frosts, they are not sensitive to pathogens mildew, oidium and various rot.

Features of growing

Prospects for the development of the vine are largely determined by the quality of planting material, competent rooting and care. What prefers a variety of "memory of the surgeon," try to understand the details.

Lighting

The vine of any vine loves heat and a lot of light. Fruiting of crops and quality of berries depend on these major factors. Therefore, winegrowers are trying to place seedlings on sun-drenched areas, preferably away from drafts, northerly winds and lowlands, where cold air settles.

It is better to equip the vineyard in such a way that the neighboring buildings and trees do not cast a shadow on it, because in such conditions the taste characteristics of the berries, as well as their number, will significantly deteriorate.

In addition, botanists note that with good illumination, the foliage of the plants produces much more carbohydrates, the fruits are filled with sugar content and pleasant aroma.

Clusters acquire a rich amber-purple hue. Such specimens have a thickening of the peel and durability of wood.

Soil requirements

For the good development of the vine, it is important to plant the plant on a light, nutritious soil, which has a high permeability.

Enriched chernozem substrates are ideal for vineyards. Ideally, they should have a slightly acid or neutral pH. You can check this factor with regular table vinegar. A couple of drops is enough to splash on a handful of soil taken from a depth of 20 centimeters.

Hiss and small bubbles denote an alkaline environment, their absence is acidic. Experienced gardeners adjust limestone soil, dolomite flour or cement dust.

Sometimes it is difficult to determine the percentage ratio of sand and clay in the ground on the plot chosen for laying the vineyard. But this must be done, because the prevailing sand and clay impurities have a bad effect on the nutritional processes of the rhizome.

In order to find out the main components of the soil mixture planned for grapes, fill it with a third glass. Top with water and stir well. Place the container on a flat surface and let it stand. At the end of the experiment, analyze the sediment, which you will see at the bottom:

1. If over 70 percent of the poured land is settled, the substrate is sandy, and it will need to be diluted with black earth.
2. If about 80 percent of the sediment is sand, silt or clay - the land is problematic and is not recommended for laying the vineyard.
3. If more than a third of the upper layer of sediment consists of clay or sludge, the plot requires black-earth correction, since it is clayey loam.
4. The sand is always the first to fall, silt and clay accumulate behind it. It is acceptable that up to 45% of sand, 35% of silt and 20% of clay be in the vineyard.

The plant loves enriched and loose soil. The thicker the fertile layer, the greater the yield. The better the soil is plowed, the easier it is for the roots to get food from the depths. To improve the chemical composition of the substrate can be humus, compost and mineral complex fertilizers.

Rules of planting grapes "in memory of the surgeon"

Further growing season and fruiting of the “Surgeon’s memory” grape variety are closely related not only to the choice of proper lighting and type of substrate, but also to the timing, rooting methods and quality of planting material. Delve into the details.

Selection of seedlings

The main rule experienced gardeners use when buying grape seedlings is to prefer healthy and viable material. For high-quality varietal samples should go to specialized garden centers, and not to the market.

When choosing pay attention to the root system, the state of the vine, its age. Ask sellers what you are up to: the sapling is grown on its own roots or grafted.

You need to buy copies with strong and well-developed solid roots. They should not be dry, covered with mold, rot, spots, galls or other suspicious formations, mechanical damage. If you make a small scratch at the end of the root, you will notice fresh green wood, the material is worth buying.

Graft hybrids choose with a vine up to 45 cm and half a meter in length. Be careful, each seedling, regardless of the origin and type of the root system, must have at least a single shoot over 10 cm long.

Timing

Under the conditions of temperate climatic latitudes, it is customary to engage in planting in the spring, when the earth warms up, and in the fall, when it was not cold.

The optimal timing for grapes "memory of the surgeon," many experts believe the middle of April. During the warm season, the hybrid will have time to develop the rhizome and adapt to the winter. Other gardeners insist on the effectiveness of autumn planting and recommend their implementation in the second decade of September.

They explain their position by reduced risks of nematodes and fungal parasitic mycelium, which often affect the rhizome. In addition, during the hibernation season, the plant will harden and in spring it will vigorously grow.

In many ways, they are right, and others. Therefore, the timing of planting, choose, based on the climatic features of your region and personal benefits. The main thing is that during the rooting period the earth should not be cold, watch out for its moisture and temperature conditions outside.

Landing pattern

Before planting the acquired seedlings, it is important to prepare the site and the roots of the plant. If rooting occurs in the spring, all the preparatory work in the vineyard begins in the fall. To do this, it is necessary to carry out deep plowing and feeding of soil, and if necessary, adjusting its acidity. In the spring of this categorically it is impossible to do, because in the deep layers dry lumps and voids are formed, the soil does not have time to cope.

After preparing the ground, you need to dig a hole with dimensions 50 x 50 cm. Lay a layer of drainage on the bottom. Top completely filled with fertile substrate, which is prepared from equal parts removed by the first spade with a bayonet when digging the deepening of the soil, horse manure, compost. Some add a bit of granular superphosphate to feed. Then the hole is covered with a dark plastic film and left until spring.

In the case of spring planting, all the above operations are carried out a month before rooting.

The preparation of a seedling plays an important role, because the development of culture during the first five-year period depends on its life potential.

Consequently, it is possible to contribute to quick and painless rooting by scrupulously re-examining the root processes, checking their freshness and processing with growth stimulants (“Humat”, “Emistim C”, “Kornevin”).If the putrefactive, dried or moldy areas were found, they are cut off to the living. At the end, the root system is dipped into a clay talker.

When everything is ready, the cover is removed from the hole and a recess is made again. The roots in the pit gently straighten, fall asleep with soil and ram it. It is important that when planting a seedling 2 of its lower eyes peaked above the ground. On top of them, it is desirable to pour a small mound.

And on grafted samples leave the place of vaccination. When laying the vineyard between neighboring plants observe the distance within a meter and a half. In order not to stray and facilitate calculations, make a marking with a cord and a peg.

Grade Care

The variety "In memory of the surgeon" is distinguished by its thermophilicity and unpretentiousness. But this does not mean that the vine can only be satisfied with an abundance of sunlight and good soil. For a quality crop the gardener needs to make an effort.

Watering

Excessive moisture should beware. Therefore, know the sense of proportion and never turn the area under the grapes into a swamp. Abundant and frequent watering plants are needed during the initial phases of the growing season before the appearance of inflorescences.

In the future, renew water procedures is only under conditions of prolonged drought. The amount of water that grape bushes need depends on the location of the groundwater and the age of the vine. For example, young saplings need frequent, but small portions of moisture, and mature plants rarely require, but a lot of water. Some winegrowers spade outlines a shallow ditch on the border pristvolnyh circles. This reduces the risk of water stagnation.

Fertilizer

Every spring, before the development of buds, it is necessary to fertilize the grape bushes with organic or mineral complex substances. Repeated procedure takes place a month before flowering, before the ripening of the fruit and after harvesting.

Agronomists do not recommend to dwell on the same complex fertilizers, because the grapes constantly, depending on the vegetation phase, require new nutrients. For example, the active buildup of green mass contributes to nitrogen, so urea and ammonium nitrate contribute exclusively at the beginning of the development of the vine. Phosphorus contained in superphosphate is responsible for the quality of inflorescences and future berries. In late August and early September, the bush is fed with potassium, and the fertilizer season ends with zinc, which affects the frost resistance of the plant.

Pruning

Cutting vines are arranged in the spring before the buds begin to open, or in the fall, when the plant goes into hibernation. But the last option is dangerous, because wounded wood becomes very vulnerable to low temperatures. On the "memory of the surgeon" pruning is carried out using the fan method. First of all, we stock up with a sharp inventory, which before work should be disinfected with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Then make oblique cuts after the 6th or 8th node. On one bush there should not be more than 22 sprouts and 35 knots.

Spraying against pests and diseases

Although the variety has high levels of resistance to pathogens and parasites, prevention does not hurt. To this end, many process bushes with boron mixture or fungicides. During the season it is enough to hold no more than 3 sprays. Effective drugs are Topaz, Antrakol, Chorus, Tiovit.

It is also important to take measures against bothersome wasps, which, sensing the imminent ripening of sweet berries, fly from the whole region. Fighting them will take a lot of time and requires patience.

Some winegrowers constantly monitor wasp nests, burning them. Others simply protect the clusters with dense nets through which the fruits become inaccessible to pests.

Features wintering varieties

In a botanical description of a variety, it is indicated that it is adapted to low temperatures, but in a review, many gardeners talk about overpriced numbers. According to consumers, the variety “The memory of the surgeon” is very fond of heat and can withstand no more than 19 degrees of frost. Therefore, regardless of the severity of winter, all young plants need shelter.To do this, their root system is insulated with a layer of humus, and the vine is removed from the support, about 75 percent of the shoots are removed and hidden under spunbond or burlap. From above spud snow, slate.

Advantages and disadvantages

When you learned about the main requirements of the hybrid in planting and care, its features of development and fruiting, it is time to draw a line under the key advantages and disadvantages of the variety. Among the positive qualities of grapes, gardeners call:

• early ripening (after 115 days you can feast on ripe berries);
• good adaptation to new conditions and painless rooting;
• high taste and product characteristics of the variety;
• excellent transportability of ripe grapes;
• ease of care.

There are few flaws in the memory of the surgeon. They mainly boil down to the poor development of grafted shoots, sensitivity to disease-causing fungi and berries to pea.

Ideal plants in nature does not happen, so these minor defects of the variety can be easily eliminated by competent cultivation of the vineyard.We hope our article will help you in creating an effective, productive garden.