Agrotehnika growing apple trees "Papirovka"

Apple trees remain the most popular among fruit trees. Despite the emergence of new varieties, many prefer them proven local lines.

About one of these will tell in this review. Consider the interesting apple tree "Papirovka", how it is made planting and care.

Breeding history

The variety is considered popular - it appeared as a result of natural pollination, and it became famous at the beginning of the XIX century.

It is believed that the habitat of the apple is the Baltic States, from where the line has spread to Poland, Germany, Ukraine and western Russia. In addition to the official name, the variety is also called "Alabaster" or "Baltic." Many take this tree and fruit for "white filling." They are really similar, but there is still no consensus. Meanwhile, even I. V. Michurin pointed out the differences.

If you think about what “Papirovka” and “White filling” are, then it will become clear how they differ. In the first - more conical fruits, they are juicy and more acidic. Blush on them is not, and ripen for 2 weeks later, "white hair". Trees are less hardy, but there is almost no scab on them.

Biological features

Consider what is a tree and its fruits.

Tree description

The tree is medium thick. At a young age, the crown resembles a pyramid, with time it becomes more rounded. Skeletal branches are covered with light gray bark. Oval leaves - medium, green-gray, with raised tips. The first yields are formed on short shoots (3-4 cm) with weak lateral buds. Gradually they become strong fruit branches.

The shoots of medium thickness are strongly pubescent, with olive-brown bark. Vegetative buds are small and flat, gray in color. Rose buds are large. The petals on the flowers are more often white, sometimes they come across with a pink tinge.

Fruit Description

Apples are average in weight (usually 80-120 g). On young trees can grow and more weighty - in 130-180 g.

All are rounded, sometimes conical in shape, with a green-yellow color. The skin is thin and smooth, with a thick coating of wax. When fully ripe, it turns white.

Delicate white flesh is sweet and sour. The core resembles an onion, with light brown granules of irregular shape.

Pollination

Large flowers attract many insects, so there are no problems with pollination.

For greater effect, cross-pollination is used. The best neighbors for "Papirovka" are varieties "Anis Scarlet" and "Borovinka".

Gestation period

Summer-grade trees begin to bear fruit in the 3-5th year after planting.In some regions, apples appear on the 6th year (this depends on the weather conditions in the region).

After this period, the fruit ripened by the last decade of July or in the first days of August.

Yield

The variety is considered high-yielding. 50-75 kg of apples are removed from a 10-year-old tree.

Fruiting continues for 40-55 years, it can be called stable. But there are some nuances: for example, after a bountiful harvest, the harvest for the next year will be smaller. It happens that it is not at all - the tree took a “breather”, or the weather let it down.

As the tree ages, yields gradually decrease.

Transportability and storage

The fruits have a clear advantage - with proper watering they do not fall off. But with transportation and storage is more difficult. Gentle skin is very sensitive to damage, and the appearance of a long "trip" is almost not preserved - the transportability is low. And if dark spots are visible on apples, there is a risk of rapid decay.

The optimal shelf life is 1 month. Then the fruits lose their taste and nutritional qualities.For a long time to keep them in the refrigerator is also undesirable - there is a “loss” in 2-3 weeks.

Winter hardiness

"Papirovka" tolerates winter. Small frosts in the belt of temperate climate do not cause special harm to trees.

As a safety net, the lower part of the trunk is warmed, and the under-barrel circle is covered with mulch. This is true for the northern areas.

Disease and Pest Resistance

The variety pleases with good resistance to diseases and pests. True, prolonged severe frosts or prolonged droughts reduce the immunity of the apple tree. Do not forget about the neighbors - the sore can migrate from the already affected tree nearby. Pests are often attracted to the bark, not the fruit, so the trunk and crown must be protected in autumn.

Application

Juicy and quickly softening apples are ideal for making juice. They can also be added to various jams and mixes in the form of jam from different fruits and berries.

How to choose seedlings when buying

Before buying the apple tree "Papirovka", you should once again read the description and see the photos of this variety, and better ask about the reviews of gardeners who grow this variety. Choosing a sapling, remember these points:

• Keep an eye on the roots. They must be whole, wet and at the same time kept in a clump of soil. Dry, broken and bare are excluded.

• On the roots should not be blistering and painful growths. Healthy processes are always white in the cut. If the brown color catches the eye - the seedling is already frozen.
• Better to take a one-year-old apple tree. There are no developed branches on it, and the tree will be better accepted at the site.
• Stalk health. If, having chopped up the bark, you saw a bright green scratch, then everything is normal.
• The integrity of the trunk. In a normally grafted tree, it will not fall off.

You can buy seedlings both in the market and in nurseries. In the first case, do not rush, and look more at how sellers hold the tree. Intelligent implementer tries to put them in Tenek.

Rules for planting apple seedlings

Agrotechnics are familiar to experienced gardeners, but for beginners it sometimes remains a mystery. We will solve it together, considering the procedure of landing in detail.

Optimal timing

"Paps" are planted in late March - the first half of April. These terms may slightly shift (for 1, maximum 2 weeks) if there is a likelihood of repeated frosts.

Location selection

For planting select a flat, well-lit area with established drainage - the water should not stand for a long time. The depth of groundwater - at least 1 m (preferably occurring up to 1.5).

Sapling trying to place near other apple trees at a distance of 4-5 m.

Site preparation

In the designated area, remove all debris and remove old roots. When necessary, the soil is leveled, knocking the hillocks or falling asleep old furrows. Light loam is considered the ideal soil, but other types are suitable (except for highly saline lands).

A week before the planned landing, a hole is dug (up to 90 cm), at the bottom of which a fertilizer is laid. On a bucket of humus (10 l) take 1 kg of "mineral water" and 750 g of wood ash, stir and fall asleep on the bottom. In this case, place the top layer of soil separately (pouring in a heap on one side of the hole).

Seedlings preparation

Carefully inspect the seedlings, paying special attention to the roots. Try to moisturize the bovine roots during storage - growth depends on them.

Another old method is known. Mullein and clay mixed until smooth and pour water. In this mixture and lower the roots, after which they are slightly dried. Now drying is not scary. The day before planting, the roots are placed in water (from 4 hours to days). Of course, you should not sharply pull the apple tree - damage to anything.

Process and scheme

The landing itself looks like this:

• Land in the hole is thoroughly loosened (on a spade bayonet).
• Deferred topsoil is mixed with chopped peat or manure. Add superphosphate (250 g) or 350 g of ash. All this goes into the pit, they fall asleep by 2/3.
• Sapling put to a peg so that the height of the root collar from the ground was about 5-6 cm.
• The roots are bred on the sides and sprinkled with the remnants of the soil, not forgetting to seal the legs.
• Barrel tied to a peg.
• It remains to do the hole and pour abundantly (3-4 buckets). You can sprinkle with mulch (3-5 cm), suitable straw, peat or humus.

The scheme for row planting provides for an interval between trees of 4 m, and between rows - at least 5 m. In an ordinary country house with several apple trees, there will be enough indentation of 4.5 m.

Features of seasonal care for apple trees

Caring for trees throughout the year can be divided into three stages: spring, summer and autumn. Each of them provides its own types of work. Select them in general terms.

Spring care comes down to:

• inspection;
• treatment of wounds and other damage;
• pruning diseased or broken branches;
• feeding the apple tree.

In the summer, such procedures are added as:

• timely watering;
• spraying and treatment of diseases.

In autumn, the emphasis is on preparing for frost:

• the tree is fed up;
• be sure to whiten the trunk;
• if necessary, additionally sprayed from pests.

Soil care

This variety is very demanding of moisture and does not tolerate drought. Therefore, the "Pap" has to be watered often and plentifully. For areas with a temperate climate, a one-year-old seedling of 2-3 buckets per tree with an interval of 10-12 days will suffice.In more arid regions, the same amount of water should be added weekly.

If you put the "rain", it will take about 2 hours.

For trees of 3 years, the interval between watering is slightly reduced, they are no longer in need of fluid than the young ones.

The final, prewinter watering is obligatory for areas where no permanent fillings were made in the summer. In late October - early November, on 1 square. m pristvvolnoy circle take 80-100 liters of water. For trees that are well hydrated in the summer, you can take a smaller volume - it only hardens the apple tree. Weeding is traditional - we remove weeds as they appear, not letting them take root.

The same applies to loosening: circles will have to fluff after each watering. Roots should receive not only moisture, but also air, so try not to allow the appearance of a “crust”.

The type of mulch depends on the purpose of its use. Moisture retains small bark (layer 5 cm), which can be put after the first watering. In order not to overheat the soil, sprinkle sawdust, up to 7 cm.The moss, on the contrary, is laid to warm it up - 10 cm is enough.

Fertilization

Unpretentious apple tree enough 2-3 “feed” for the season.

The first feeding is made immediately after the winter "hibernation". 550 g of urea and nitroammophoska (no more than 40 g) are added to 4-5 buckets of humus. All this pour in circles for digging. The next approach is the flowering period. 250 g of urea and 0.5 l of slurry are added to 2 liters of liquid chicken manure. There is also superphosphate with potassium sulfate (100 and 65 g each). 3-4 buckets of such a “mix” are brought under one tree, having calculated the proportion.

In the fall, urea solution is poured (750 g / 10 l of water). Recall that liquid fertilizers are applied in dry weather, with a high humidity they take dry solutions, sprinkling circles on them.

Fight against crown diseases and pests

No tree is insured against diseases of the bark, leaves and flowers. Therefore, gardeners have to deal with them.

Fungal diseases like powdery mildew, milky luster and scab are easy to overcome.The pathogens that carry them out do not tolerate periodic disinfection. If the problem arose before flowering, add 10 liters of urea to 10 liters of water and spray the crowns. In the later stages of the growing season, soda ash is taken for processing (75 g per volume).

With deep lesions (burns, cytosporosis, cancer of the cortex) is more complicated. The diseased branches are removed, and the cut points are smeared with brilliant green or linseed oil, garden varieties are also suitable.

Attacks pests "repel" such compounds:

• Apple blossoms are sprayed with "Fufanon" (10 ml / 10 l of water) or "Karbofos" (90 g). A fruit tree has enough 5 l of solution, and a young one - 2 l. After 2-3 weeks, the treatment is repeated.

• Listovertka does not tolerate "Nitrofen" (200 g / 10 l). In early spring they spray the soil under the tree.
• Having found the aphids, they remove the diseased bark and splash the branches with “Fufanon” or “Ditox”, stirring according to the instructions.
• The same drugs help and from ticks.

Many reluctantly use "chemistry". There is also a natural product: chamomile infusion. 200 g of ground flowers are taken on a bucket of water. Infusing 12 hours, the liquid is decanted. The infusion is ready.

Cropping and crown formation

Much depends on the formative trim in the first 2 years. At the first pruning leaves the strongest skeletal branches. On the other side of the trunk, approximately at the same level as them, there may be so-called competitors growing at an acute angle. They are removed.

The medium-sized branches are cut by a third, and the side branches are brought under one level. The lower ones are cut slightly, processing the upper ones more. To get involved with pruning a young seedling is not worth it, so as not to harm.

After the "Papirovka" began to bear fruit, carry out regulatory pruning. Everything is simple here - every year, even before flowering, free the crown from unnecessary branches. This sort of such appears only a few pieces, and the procedure does not make much effort. Such apples are not predisposed to thickening. Young branches are shortened by 1, maximum 2 buds, no more.

Sick branches are removed immediately, regardless of age.

Mature trees need rejuvenating pruning.Branches are cut that do not grow themselves and interfere with the fruitful ones. Those areas where there was a weak annual growth (10-15 cm) were removed, leaving the places that appeared during normal growth (from 25 cm per year).

This is not a one-time action - such “operations” with old apple trees occur for several years in a row.

Protection against cold and rodents

After autumn whitewashing and dressing, trees are prepared for frost. Circles strongly mulch (thickening layer twice).

The barrel can be covered with almost any material, but are best suited:

• old rags;
• roofing material or roofing felt;
• bags;

• cellophane will also fit. But he, like roofing felt, will have to be removed at the first thaw so that the trunk does not suffocate;
• Traditional “windings” of reeds, straw, or spruce are also useful, but such shelter can attract pests looking for a place to winter.

Another method is a large-diameter polyethylene tube - “foam”. Gently opening it along the seam, you can grab the trunk and sew on a new one.So the tree will definitely warm up in the cold. And rodents do not like such materials.

By the way, about "toothy". They will not harm if the apple tree is covered with a “non-wrap” or nylon stockings. They can cover branches and stamps. The same effect will be from spruce legs, wrapped around the trunk with needles downwards. Mice do not tolerate blue vitriol. 100 g per 10 l of water, sprinkle 2 l on a young sapling and 10 l on an adult tree. Doing such work in November will save your fruit for the future. The same effect in 1% Bordeaux liquid.

The surest method to protect plantings from large hares is to plant a fine grid of great height along a circle dug up. True, for an unguarded dacha this is not the best option - already two-legged “pests” can drag off a fence.

The budget option - a few large circles, cut out of black cardboard. They scare eared.

Hopefully now the apple tree of the sort "Papirovka" does not represent a special secret for our readers. As you can see, the most common care, but regular. Successes in the garden!