Cultivation of the Kuban Comet Cherry plum: distinctive features of the variety, planting and care

Many wild plants today are successfully grown in suburban areas. Some of them become an excellent decoration of the territory, while others are cultivated in order to produce tasty and healthy fruits. The latter should be attributed, and plum with all its many varieties. Juicy berries of this plant are ideal for cooking compotes, jams, jams and many other delicious dishes. In this article we will pay attention to the sort of cherry plum called Kuban comet, in the description of which there are many interesting facts.

History of Cherry plum Kuban comet

Relatively recently (or more precisely, up to the 20s of the last century), plum was a wild-growing plant and was found mainly in the Crimea, in the Caucasus and in Central Asia.A little later, the breeders seriously engaged in the breeding of its new varieties.

The first specimens were not particularly different from the wild-growing variants in their taste, but even so, in a fairly short period of time the plant gained wide popularity. Such a universal love for cherry plum is due to its unpretentious care and the highest yield: a year after planting you will receive the first berries, and after three you will get a stable harvest (up to 40 kg of fruit from one tree). Thanks to the efforts of the same breeders, in 1987, a sort of cherry plum, called the Kuban comet, was introduced into the State Register of the Central, Nizhnevolzhsky, Northwestern and North Caucasian regions. In this case, the tasty and large berries were obtained by crossing the plum Chinese skoroplodnaya and cherry plum Pioneer.

Description and features of the plum Kuban comet

Cherry plum Kuban comet is not very different from other varieties of its requirements for planting and care, but before choosing this plant, you must familiarize yourself with its description.Firstly, it is a low-growing tree (it reaches a height of up to 3 meters), which, due to short overgrowing branches, cannot boast a lush crown. Secondly, this variety is partially self-bearing culture, and the laying of small flower buds can also occur on an annual increase.

Flowers Kuban comet - medium size and painted white. Sepals fit snugly to the petals, and the pedicle differs in medium length and thickness. Two flowers appear from one bud. The leaves of such a cherry plum are saturated green, with a glossy surface, rounded. At the edge of the leaf plate a slight waviness is noticeable. Gray shoots - horizontally arranged and characterized by medium thickness.

The main distinctive feature of the variety are large, egg-shaped berries, with a weakly pronounced suture and a slight wax coating. The skin of the red-burgundy fruit is quite thin, although it does not take strength. The flesh is yellow, with medium density and juiciness.This variety is valued for its high palatability: the fruits have a slight acidity, but on the whole are quite sweet (the flesh is separated from the stone only partially).

For the Kuban comet variety, high yields are common, but the regularity of obtaining a large number of fruits depends on the overload of the tree. So, if there are too many berries on the branches, over time this will lead to their grinding. Abundant fruiting of this sort of cherry plum begins in the second year after planting (fruit ripening occurs at the end of July). To start harvesting immediately, as soon as the skin of the berries becomes reddish. Collected fruits can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 25 days.

Alycha Kuban comet can please you with high winter hardiness and high natural adaptation capabilities, which makes it an excellent option for the middle zone. In addition, with the cultivation of this variety, you will not encounter a large number of pests and frequent plant diseases, although with prolonged rains plum is still affected by fruit rot. In order to avoid such a nuisance, it is necessary to timely trim the crown so that it remains lit and well ventilated.A competent approach to the cultivation of cherry plum will allow you to do without the use of chemicals in the care of it.

The advantages and disadvantages of the variety

Alycha Kuban comet has a lot of advantages, which are probably known to all gardeners involved in its cultivation. So, The strengths of the variety include:

• high and stable yield;
• the possibility of obtaining large and attractive berries;
• high level of frost resistance;
• a long stay of overripe fruits on the branches (they do not fall off for a long time);
• good transportability;
• the integrity of the fruit and the low level of cracking during ripening.

However, it should be noted and the existing shortcomings of the variety, which include poor separation of pulp from the stone, reducing the size of the berries when overloading the branches, the need for thinning the crown during bountiful harvest and partial self-fertility of the plant.

Rules for selecting seedlings when buying

If you decide to plant a Kuban comet on your site, then the procedure should begin with the purchase of a good seedling that can quickly settle down on your site.

The main indicators of quality planting materials include:

• seedling height not less than 1-1.2 m;
• the presence of many small roots at the root system and its good branching;
• swollen kidneys;
• the absence of any mechanical damage on the bark of the trunk and branches of the plant (also on them there should be no ulcers and traces of pests);
• wet, yellow-green cut of the shoot.

It is also better to opt for two-year-old, zoned seedlings, as they tolerate transplantation well and take root more quickly in a new place.

If you purchase seedlings in a special nursery, then be sure to pay attention to their trunks - they should be smooth and with healthy branches.

Timing and choice of landing site

The Kuban comet can be planted both in early spring and in autumn, but in the northern regions and in the territories of the middle lane it is better to plant young plants in spring.

When choosing a place for the future growth of a tree, pay attention to the southern and sunny parts of its territory.Planting seedlings of this variety in a shaded place will not help to obtain large and tasty fruits, and if there are drafts and wind, then it is not worth waiting for abundant crops. The Kuban comet develops well when disembarking near buildings or high fences, where on one side it is covered by a solid wall.

Does not like cherry plum and clay or loamy soils, and the most suitable option for it is to land on sandy and fertile soils with neutral acidity. It is also important to pay attention to the level of groundwater, it should not exceed 1 meter.

In a word, in order to succeed in cultivating the Kuban comet variety, prepare a place in advance in a well-lit and windless section, with deep groundwater storage.

Preparatory work before landing

Choosing a place to plant, it remains to decide how to plant plum. First of all, it is necessary to prepare a planting hole, which is dug out 1-2 weeks before the direct planting of the plant (during spring planting). The pit size should be not less than 80x80x80 cm, and if you plan to plant several plants, then 3-3.5 m should be left between the neighbors (the power supply area of ​​one tree is about 9 m²).

Fertilizers are necessarily made to the excavated recess. In the spring, the soil dug out of the pit can be mixed with half a bucket of humus (if possible, it is better horse), superphosphate (250 g) and potassium sulphide (40-50 g). If necessary, you can additionally add a solution of lime or ash to "deoxidize" the earth. But what cannot be used is nitrogen-containing fertilizers and fresh humus. The finished mixture is again poured into the pit at half its depth, making a kind of mound on which the seedling will be installed.

Step-by-step process of planting young saplings of cherry plum

Before planting in the open ground, seedlings of the Kuban comet are best placed in a clay mash for 1 hour or treated with a root formation stimulator. After that, a small amount of earth should be poured on the bottom of a previously prepared pit and a hill should be made of it. All further actions are performed in the following order:

• A peg is driven into a hole and the seedling is lowered to such a depth that the root collar will rise 6 cm above the ground level.
• Then the young tree should be covered with earth and gently rammed around the seedling.
• Then, with the help of a strong rope, plum is tied up to a previously driven stake.
• Around the sapling, at a distance of 40 cm, it is necessary to form a small hole into which you will need to pour 2-3 buckets of water.
• Once the water is fully absorbed, it is possible to grind the hole with wood chips.

Rules of seasonal care for cherry plum Kuban comet

For the abundant fruiting of a tree, one proper planting is not enough. The second important component of successful cultivation is care, which provides for compliance with certain requirements.

Pollen plum

The Kuban comet is partly a self-fertile variety, which means that other varieties of cherry plum need to be planted on the site to improve fruiting. The most suitable pollinators for cherry plum Kuban comet can be attributed to Maru, Pramen, Seyanets, Pchelnikovskuyu, Traveler and Present St. Petersburg.It will also be useful to plant Chinese plum varieties Orlovsky souvenir, Red Ball or Skoroplodnaya next to cherry plum.

Watering and mulching the soil

An adult cherry plum tree is watered three times per season: in June, July and September, pouring 3-4 buckets of water at a time around the trunk at a time (some gardeners recommend watering 3-4 times a month). Young seedlings will have to be watered more often as the soil dries.

The lack of moisture in the soil often causes a decrease in yield, which is especially important in the period from the beginning of June to the end of July. In August, watering is completely canceled, as excessive moisture leads to the rapid formation of young shoots, which with the onset of cold weather will freeze out quickly.

Fertilization

If humus, superphosphate and potassium sulphide have already been introduced into the planting hole when the cherry plum has been planted, then the following feeding should be done no earlier than one year before the flowering of the tree (in spring). Starting from the second year, the Kuban comet is fed 3-4 times per season:

• in the spring, a complex mixture with nitrogen (50 g / m²) is introduced into the soil;
• after flowering - potash-phosphorus mixture (40 g / m²);
• after fruiting, potassium sulphate, before wintering, the ground in the near-bar circle is mulched with compost or humus (0.5 buckets per 1 m²).

However, this is not the only fertilizer option, and some gardeners follow a different scheme. From autumn, manure or humus (in the previously specified amount) is sprinkled evenly in the near-circle wheel, during loosening of the soil after flowering of the tree urea is added to the wells (40 g per 1 m²), and after harvesting potassium sulfate is added to the ground ( 30 g per 1 m²).

Cropping and crown formation

Young shoots of cherry plum The Kuban comet grows rather quickly, and only by the fifth year of life does the length of growth increase slightly. It was at this time that the crown of the tree acquires a typical shape for the variety - it becomes flat-rounded, sometimes reaching 5 meters in diameter (at a plant height of 3 m).

In order to prevent excessive thickening, for three years, gardeners perform cherry plum formation. When performing the procedure, only strong skeletal branches are left, and all other cuttings are shortened or cut at all, thereby thinning the crown. The most popular form of cherry plum is considered to be tier and bowl-shaped.

The main pruning of cherry plum is done in spring. With the advent of heat, all frozen and damaged branches are removed and crown formation is carried out. In the summer season, gardeners cut branches only if necessary, if you need to remove dried branches and young shoots that grow inside the crown. Also in summer you can shorten too long branches.

With the arrival of autumn, the time comes for the sanitary pruning of the Kuban comet: removal of excess and descending branches. All dry and infected shoots are completely cut and burned.

Protection against diseases and pests

The Kuban comet is distinguished by a rather high resistance to attacks of pests and diseases.However, some of them are inherent in her. Most often, the danger is represented by fruit trees growing nearby,after all, in case of violation of the requirements for the care and agrotechnology of cultivation, harmful insects and pathogens can move over to cherry plums.

Diseases of the plum are the same as those of the plum, and the main ones are brown spot and rust on the leaves. Both diseases cause drying and leaf fall. To get rid of this trouble, cherry plum is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux liquid in the period before bud blooming and after flowering, although the 1% solution of copper sulfate, which needs to be treated with the onset of spring, is perfect as an alternative control. As a preventive measure, be sure to collect all fall foliage in the fall, which is better to burn immediately.

Often on the trunks of fruit trees one can notice glassy transparent growths that are hardened gum, flowing from the wood. If you have noticed a similar phenomenon in your cherry plum, this may indicate an increase in soil acidity. In this case, it is necessary as soon as possible to limit fertilizer application and equalize the soil pH, also removing the formations and disinfecting the pruning sites.

When the fruit ripens, the Kuban comet may be subject to gray rot attacks. This fungal disease manifests itself in the form of chaotic gray growths on the surface of the bark and fruits, and also spreads very quickly.

The affected fruit must be removed immediately, otherwise the entire crop will die in a few weeks. For the prevention of disease with the arrival of spring, all trees are cherry plum sprayed with Bordeaux liquid, and after flowering they are treated with blue vitriol.

As for pests, in most cases alycha is attacked by aphid and downy silkworm. Both insects feed on the leaves, leaving small holes on them, which eventually cause the leaf plates to shrink and fall. For prophylactic purposes, trees are treated with special insecticides "Nitrafen" and "Verin" up to the very leafing.

In the cortex of the Kuban comet, bark beetles and fruit saplings often settle. They lay larvae, from which caterpillars later emerge, feeding on the sap of the tree and leaving behind moves in its trunk. If time does not take measures to eliminate pests, then the tree may shrink.In this case, the only way to get rid of pests is the use of insecticides "Dichlorvos", "Confidor", "Chlorophos". The processing of the cherry-plum trunks is carried out every two weeks, and the bark must be moistened with a good means. In autumn, all diseased branches are pruned and burned.

Preparing for the winter

Alycha Kuban comet tolerates the winter frosts quite firmly, but in the first years after planting, young seedlings are better covered completely. For this purpose, you can use special garden materials (burlap or spunbond). It is not recommended to mulch the hole with straw or hay, since rodents can live there.

Harvesting and storage of cherry plum

The ripening of the cherry plum of the described variety occurs in the middle of July, but the crop is removed in several visits. The main sign of ripening is the staining of fruits in a rich red color, and in full ripeness they become almost burgundy. Depending on the number of berries on the branches, the fruiting period can last for about two weeks, because first large and well-lit fruits ripen, and then all the others.Kuban comet is always abundantly fruiting, so do not delay with the collection of ripe berries, even though they are not prone to cracking or shattering. If you do not remove them from the tree in time, they will create an additional load on the branches and prevent the remaining berries from ripening.

The collected, fully ripe fruits of the Kuban comet should be stored at a temperature of + 3 ... +5 ° C for no longer than 10 days. Extend the shelf life of cherry plum, which is often required for the realization of the fruit, you can, having gathered a not completely ripe crop. Cherry plum refers to those plants whose fruits ripen well after removal. The commodity characteristic of the Kuban comet variety is very high: cherry plum tolerates transportation, does not rot and does not crumple, keeping its taste for a long time (provided that the fruits were removed from the tree before full maturation).

Having planted the described variety on your plot, you will always have on hand tasty cherry plums, which are equally well suited for fresh consumption and for preparing delicious dishes using them.