How to prune grapes in spring

Grapes are a garden crop, growing mainly in warm climates. But some grape varieties successfully take root in mid-latitude and even in the north. The success of growing grapes depends on many factors, one of which is timely pruning.

Pruning grapes in spring: advantages and disadvantages

It is enough to enter the query "pruning grapes in the spring for beginners" in any Internet search engine, and you will see many instructions in pictures, in video format and so on. But it is not enough just to look at the images, it is important to understand the features of such a necessary procedure, like pruning grapes.

Pruning allows you to increase the yield of grapes, as well as improve the taste of the berries and their size. Thanks to the correct pruning procedure, a shrub can be properly formed,which greatly facilitates the care of the plant. Also pruning allows you to accelerate the ripening of grapes.

But this procedure has its drawbacks. In the first place - it is stress for the plant. As a rule, in the spring the plant begins to absorb nutrients. Any wound inflicted during this period interferes with sap flow, which may cause dehydration.

Pruning grapes in the spring for beginning gardeners can end up weakening and losing the ability to resist diseases and pests.

When to start spring pruning

Subject to certain rules on how to prune grapes in spring, novice gardeners will not be a problem. The main thing - to monitor the temperature. Temperature indicators have a great influence on the ripening of the kidneys, fruitfulness and the overall quality of the crop, it depends on when you can cut the grapes in spring. It is conditionally possible to divide the spring pruning into two types: early and late.

Early pruning is carried out with the onset of the first warm days. After the daytime temperature reaches +5 ° C, the grapes awaken. This means that you can arm with the necessary tool and feel free to start pruning.

Late pruning is done after the first buds swell, but experienced gardeners do not recommend this. Late pruning can lead to the fact that the plant simply lacks the necessary nutrients.

Therefore, the question of those who are just starting to grow grapes, is it possible to cut it in May, the answer is no. At this time, just begins active sap flow through the plant.

Spring pruning technology: how to grape correctly

Many novice gardeners are wondering how to cut grapes in spring from unwanted shoots. When pruning grapes be sure to remember the main thing:

• it is necessary to cut off all the excess vine;
• need to leave a certain amount of shoots.

These rules may seem difficult to implement for a novice grower, but, in fact, everything is much simpler. Proper pruning of grapes in spring implies the preservation of two types of vine:

• Old vine. It regulates the flow of nutrients in the younger branches, and also ensures their normal growth and development. Vine, responsible for the nutrition of the plant, called "sleeve". There is a sure way to properly trim the grapes in spring. First you need to choose a fairly strong branches, which will become this "sleeve". If it cannot initially provide the grapes with full nutrition, then the “sleeve” must be replaced with another, stronger vine.
• Young vine. It is she who is responsible for the appearance of the crop in the current season.

Thus, the vine must be left 2-4 old vines, and then determine the shape in which the vine will be formed. After that, you can begin to remove extra young shoots.

We offer a simple rule of how to prune excess shoots from grapes in spring. Beginners are encouraged to follow the following guidelines: out of every 10 buds you need to leave one vine for harvest. A novice gardener may not like such a bare bush, but his opinion will change after new leaves and shoots appear. Also, compliance with the technology of pruning will be the guarantor of a good harvest.

A set of tools for trimming

Pruning grapes in the spring "for dummies" begins with the selection of the necessary tools. The main trimming tools are saw, pruner and knife, which pruned cuttings.

The pruning blades must be pre-sharpened, as they must be sharp enough so as not to break the cuttings during pruning.Also, the sharpened blades allow you to qualitatively cut the vine with just one movement. To check the sharpness of the blade, you can carry out the following mini-test: take a regular sheet of paper and hold it along the point. Track the ease with which the paper is cut. If you had to make an effort, then this means that the blade is not sharp enough. Garden knife allows you to clean the wounds that remain after pruning grapes.

Rules for pruning grapes in spring

Pruning young grapes is carried out in compliance with several basic rules to avoid common mistakes:

• Be sure to remove all damaged, frostbitten and diseased branches. Even if the trimming scheme, they should remain on the bush.
• Spring pruning grapes produced only clean and sharp tools. On a cut there should not be any agnails and splits.Ideally, the cut should be smooth and even.
• The cut should be carried out at a right angle, without bevels.
• Do not leave long shoots, 10-12 eyes are enough.
• For replacement retain shoots that are closer to the stem.
• For fruiting, a healthy vine is chosen with a diameter of at least 6 mm.

Observance of these simple rules allows you to grow a strong bush, which will please a good harvest of grapes.

How to form a vine in spring

Under natural conditions, the vine of the grapes always strives for light and stretches upwards, clinging with its antennae to any support. Thus, the plant grows completely out of control. When growing grapes on your land, you need to know how to properly form a grapevine.

The proper formation of the vine - This is a guarantee of a good harvest. In order for the vine to acquire the correct shape, the seedling head must be placed slightly below the level of the soil. In the second year of grape growth in spring, the sapling must be cut, leaving at least half of it. Leave on the bush two shoots with three to five eyes.In the spring, in the third year of grape growth, four shoots must be left. The outer ones are cut to 60 cm, and the inner ones to 40 cm in length, and then tied to the wire in the form of a fan. From such shoots are obtained "sleeves" of the bush, which will soon start up new processes. These processes must be broken off, leaving the top three intact. In subsequent years, during the formation of a grape bush in the spring, on each “sleeve” (shoot) it is necessary to leave a fruit link (arrow and knot of replacement).

Standard shaping

The correct boom shaping should correspond to a certain age of the plant.

• 1 year. At this age, the grapes are cut on 2 eyes for the growth of two shoots. All other shoots can be cut.
• 2 years. The main shoot is saved, which is shortened by 2-3 eyes. This will serve as the basis for the booster. As a reserve, you can leave one shoot, which should be cut to two buds.
• 3 years. Shtamb cut to the desired height.2 upper shoots are preserved - “sleeves”, which are cut into 2 buds and tied to the wire. Before you form a grapevine, you can leave 2 spare shoots. One shoot is cut by two buds (replacement mote), and the second by 5-6 buds.
• 4 years. At this age, the grapes are cut off the top "sleeves" and excess shoots, which allows you to form a shrub the way you want.
• 5 years. Cut all the extra shoots. Only the basic ones that form the fruit link are saved.
• 6 years. For the formation of the fruit link, the knot of substitution is cut by 2 buds, and the fruit arrow is cut by 7-8 eyes. As a rule, at this age, 2 fruit links are formed on single-row plantings and 4 links on double rows.

Shaftless Shaper

The no-shtamp forming of grapes depends on the age of the plant. Each age corresponds to a specific procedure.

• 1 year. The formation of a grape bush from the first year begins with clarification. In this procedure, all diseased, deformed and dry parts of the plant are removed. Young shoots are cut 2-3 centimeters above the lower eye. It is also necessary to remove up to 90% of all young growth.All this contributes to the proper development of the plant in the next year.
• 2 years. In two-year bushes need to cut 60% of all young shoots. As a rule, leave 2-3 strong sleeves, shortened by 2 peepholes.
• 3 years. At this age, fruit units form at the plant. The knot of substitution (lower vine) is shortened by several buds, and the fruit arrow (upper part) is shortened by 7-14 buds. Thus, the correct sleeve is formed. Each sleeve should have 2 vines, and all others can be cut.

Further, when a question arises, how and when to cut the grapes, remember that in fruit-bearing bushes (more than 5 years old), only fruit-bearing parts and 2-3 substitution bitches need to be left to update the crown.

Grapes - a universal garden crop, which allows you to provide a variety of healthy and tasty products: juice, wine, raisins, and so on. Show due care, and you will certainly be satisfied with the results of their labors.